Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Datura metel-synthesized silver nanoparticles magnify predation of dragonfly nymphs against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people and animals through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The employ of synthetic insecticides to control Anopheles populations leads to high operational costs, non-target effects, and induced resistance. Recently, plant-borne compounds have been proposed for efficient and rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles. However, their impact against predators of mosquito larvae has been poorly studied. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Datura metel leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was confirmed analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance using ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the clustered and irregular shapes of AgNPs, with a mean size of 40–60 nm. The presence of silver was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis investigated the identity of secondary metabolites, which may be acting as AgNP capping agents. In laboratory, LC50 of D. metel extract against Anopheles stephensi ranged from 34.693 ppm (I instar larvae) to 81.500 ppm (pupae). LC50 of AgNP ranged from 2.969 ppm (I instar larvae) to 6.755 ppm (pupae). Under standard laboratory conditions, the predation efficiency of Anax immaculifrons nymphs after 24 h was 75.5 % (II instar larvae) and 53.5 % (III instar larvae). In AgNP-contaminated environment, predation rates were boosted to 95.5 and 78 %, respectively. Our results documented that D. metel-synthesized AgNP might be employed at rather low doses to reduce larval populations of malaria vectors, without detrimental effects on behavioral traits of young instars of the dragonfly Anax immaculifrons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ali A, Ahmad F, Biondi A, Wang Y, Desneux N (2012) Potential for using Datura alba leaf extracts against two major stored grain pests, the khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium and the rice weevil Sitophillus oryzae. J Pest Sci 85:359–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006a) Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. Parasitol Res 99:478–490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006b) The sensilla of Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency. Parasitol Res 99:491–499

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006c) Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex larvae (Diptera, Culicidae). Parasitol Res 99:466–472

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006d) Persistency of larvicidal effects of plant oil extracts under different storage conditions. Parasitol Res 99:473–477

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arjunan NK, Murugan K, Rejeeth C, Madhiyazhagan P, Barnard DR (2012) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for the control of mosquito vectors of malaria, filariasis, and dengue. Vector-Born Zoon Dis 12:262–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baun A, Hartmann NB, Grieger K, Kusk KO (2008) Ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to aquatic invertebrates: a brief review and recommendations for future toxicity testing. Ecotoxicology 17:387–395

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benelli G (2015a) Research in mosquito control: current challenges for a brighter future. Parasitol Res 114:2801–2805

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benelli G (2015b) Plant-borne ovicides in the fight against mosquito vectors of medical and veterinary importance: a systematic review. Parasitol Res 114:3201–3212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benelli G (2015c) Plant-synthesized nanoparticles in the fight against mosquito vectors: an eco-friendly tool against mosquito vectors. In: Mehlhorn H, editor. Nanoparticles in the fight against parasites. Parasitology Research Monographs, Springer, ISSN: 536 2192–3671, in press

  • Benelli G, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Madhiyazhagan P, Conti B, Nicoletti M (2015) Old ingredients for a new recipe? Neem cake, a low-cost botanical by-product in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases. Parasitol Res 114:391–397

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouyer J, Lefrançois T (2014) Boosting the sterile insect technique to control mosquitoes. Trends Parasitol 30:271–273

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowatte G, Perera P, Senevirathne G, Meegaskumbura S, Meegaskumbura M (2013) Tadpoles as dengue mosquito (Aedes aegypti) egg predators. Biol Control 67:469–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakkaravarthy VM, Ambrose T, Vincent S, Arunachalam R, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S, Annadurai G (2011) Bioefficacy of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) and Datura metel (Linn.) leaves extracts in controlling Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Entomol 8:191–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhas TS, Kumar VG, Karthick V, Angel KJ, Govindaraju K (2014) Facile synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles using marine alga and its antibacterial efficacy. Spectrochim Acta Part A: Mol Biomol Spectrosc 120:416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinesh D, Murugan K, Madhiyazhagan P, Panneerselvam C, Nicoletti M, Jiang W, Benelli G, Chandramohan B, Suresh U (2015) Mosquitocidal and antibacterial activity of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Aloe vera extracts: towards an effective tool against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi? Parasitol Res 114:1519–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fabrega J, Luoma SN, Tyler CR, Galloway TS, Lead JR (2011) Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environ Int 37:517–531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fincke OM, Yanoviak SP, Hanschu RD (1997) Predation by odonates depresses mosquito abundance in water-filled tree holes in Panama. Oecologia 112:244–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finney DJ (1971) Probit analysis. Cambridge University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodsell DS (2004) Bionanotechnology: lessons from nature. Wiley, Hoboken

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Haldar KM, Haldar B, Chandra G (2013) Fabrication, characterization and mosquito larvicidal bioassay of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous fruit extract of putranjiva, Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.). Parasitol Res 112:1451–1459

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen M, Mehlhorn H (2009) Seventy-five years of Resochin® in the fight against malaria. Parasitol Res 105:609–627

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kasthuri J, Kanthiravan K, Rajendiran N (2008) Phyllanthin-assisted biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles: a novel biological approach. J Nanoparticle Res 15:1075–1085

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaviya S, Santhanalakshmi J, Viswanathan B, Muthumary J, Srinivasan K (2011) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochim Acta Part A: Mol Biomol Spectrosc 79:594–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kesharwani J, Yoon KY, Hwang J, Rai M (2009) Phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Datura metel: hypothetical mechanism involved in synthesis. J Bionanosci 3(1):39–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong H, Jang J (2006) One-step fabrication of silver nanoparticle embedded polymer nanofibers by radical-mediated dispersion polymerization. Chem Comm (Camb): 3010–3012

  • Kumar R, Hwang JS (2006) Larvicidal efficiency of aquatic predators: a perspective for mosquito biocontrol. Zool Stud 45:447–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumral NA, Cobanoglu S, Yalcin C (2010) Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). J Pest Sci 83:173–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lacey LA, Orr BK (1994) The role of biological control of mosquitoes in integrated vector control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50:97–115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Xu Q, Zhang L, Liu N (2005) Chlorpyrifos resistance in mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. J Med Entomol 42(5):815–820

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medlock JM, Snow KR (2008) Natural predators and parasites of British mosquitoes – a review. Eur Mosq Bull 25:1–11

  • Mehlhorn H (ed) (2011) Nature helps. How plants and other organisms contribute to solve health problems. Parasitology Research Monographs. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–372

  • Mehlhorn H, Schmahl G, Schmidt J (2005) Extract of the seeds of the plant Vitex agnus castus proven to be highly efficacious as a repel- lent against ticks, fleas, mosquitoes and biting flies. Parasitol Res 95:363–365

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehlhorn H, Al-Rasheid KA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Ghaffar F (2012) Research and increase of expertise in arachno-entomology are urgently needed. Parasitol Res 110:259–265

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri JB, Ramirez JT (2005) The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. J Nanotechnol 16:2346–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murugan K, Hwang SJ, Kovendan K, Kumar KP, Vasugi C, Kumar AN (2011) Use of plant products and copepods for control of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. Hydrobiologia 666:331–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murugan K, Benelli G, Ayyappan S, Dinesh D, Panneerselvam C, Nicoletti M, Hwang JS, Mahesh Kumar P, Subramaniam J, Suresh U (2015a) Toxicity of seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus and its impact on predation efficiency of the cyclopoid crustacean Mesocyclops longisetus. Parasitol Res 114:2243–53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murugan K, Benelli G, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Jeyalalitha T, Dinesh D, Nicoletti M, Hwang JS, Suresh U, Madhiyazhagan P (2015b) Cymbopogon citratus-synthesized gold nanoparticles boost the predation efficiency of copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against malaria and dengue mosquitoes. Exp Parasitol 153:129–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murugan K, Priyanka V, Dinesh D, Madhiyazhagan P, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Suresh U, Chandramohan B, Roni M, Nicoletti M, Alarfaj AA, Higuchi A, Munusamy MA, Khater HF, Messing RH, Benelli G (2015c) Enhanced predation by Asian bullfrog tadpoles, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in an aquatic environment treated with mosquitocidal nanoparticles. Parasitol Res. doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4582-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Murugan K, Venus JSE, Panneerselvam C, Bedini S, Conti B, Nicoletti M, Kumar Sarkar S, Hwang JS, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Mahesh Kumar P, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Benelli G (2015d) Biosynthesis, mosquitocidal and antibacterial properties of Toddalia asiatica-synthesized silver nanoparticles: do they impact predation of guppy Poecilia reticulata against the filariasis mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus? Environ Sci Poll Res. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4920-x

    Google Scholar 

  • Murugan K, Sanoopa CP, Madhiyazhagan P, Dinesh D, Subramaniam J, Panneerselvam C, Roni M, Suresh U, Nicoletti M, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Higuchi A, Kumar S, Perumalsamy H, Ahn JY, Benelli G (2015e) Rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Crotalaria verrucosa leaves against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti: what happens around? An analysis of dragonfly predatory behaviour after exposure at ultra-low doses. Nat Prod Res. doi:10.1080/14786419.2015.1074230

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthukumaran U, Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Hoti SL (2015) Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina asiatica leaf extract against filariasis, dengue, and malaria vector mosquitoes. Parasitol Res. doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4368-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicoletti M, Mariani S, Maccioni O, Coccioletti T, Murugan K (2012) Neem cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito. Parasitol Res 111:205–2013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oberdorster E, Zhu S, Michelle Blickley T, McClellan-Green P, Haasch ML (2006) Ecotoxicology of carbon-based engineered nanoparticles: effects of fullerene (C60) on aquatic organisms. Carbon 44:1112–1120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliva CF, Damiens D, Benedict MQ (2014) Male reproductive biology of Aedes mosquitoes. Acta Trop 132S:S512–S19

    Google Scholar 

  • Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Mahesh Kumar P (2012) Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res 111:2241–2251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Mahesh Kumar P, Subramaniam J (2013) Mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn. (Family: Euphorbiaceae) and Bacillus sphaericus against Anopheles stephensi Liston. (Diptera: Culicidae). (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Med 6:102–109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park J, Kim S, Yoo J, Lee JS, Park JW, Jung J (2014) Effect of salinity on acute copper and zinc toxicity to Tigriopus japonicus: the difference between metal ions and nanoparticles. Marine Poll Bull 85:526–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patil CD, Borase HP, Patil SV, Salunkhe RB, Salunke BK (2012) Larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Pergularia daemia plant latex against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi and nontarget fish Poecillia reticulata. Parasitol Res 111:555–562

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pavela R (2015) Essential oils for the development of eco-friendly mosquito larvicides: a review. Ind Crops Prod 76:174–187

  • Petit C, Lixon P, Pileni MP (1993) In situ synthesis of silver nanocluster in AOT reverse micelles. J Phys Chem 97:12974–12983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ponarulselvam S, Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Aarthi A, Kalimuthu K, Thangamani S (2012) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. G. Don and their antiplasmodial activities. Asian-Pacific J Trop Biomed 574–580

  • Priya SK, Gnanamani A, Radha Krishnan N, Babu M (2002) Healing potential of Datura metel on burn wounds in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol 83:193–199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Priyadarshini AK, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Ponarulselvam S, Hwang J-S, Nicoletti M (2012) Biolarvicidal and pupicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Euphorbia hirta against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 111:997–1006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajan R, Chandran K, Harper SL, Yun SI, Kalaichelvan PT (2015) Plant extract synthesized nanoparticles: an ongoing source of novel biocompatible materials. Ind Crop Prod 70:356–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekharreddy P, Usha Rani P, Sreedhar B (2010) Qualitative assessment of silver and gold nanoparticle synthesis in various plants: a photobiological approach. J Nanopart Res 12:1711–1721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rajesh, Sharma GL (2002) Studies on antimycotic properties of Datura metel. J Ethnopharmacol 80:193–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rawani A, Ghosh A, Chandra G (2013) Mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activity of synthesized nano-crystalline silver particles using leaves and green berry extract of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae: Solanales). Acta Trop 128:613–622

  • Robert LL, Olson JK (1989) Susceptibility of female Aedes albopictus from Texas to commonly used adulticides. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 5:251–253

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roni M, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Nicoletti M, Madhiyazhagan P, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Khater HF, Wei H, Canale A, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Higuchi A, Benelli G (2015) Characterization and biotoxicity of Hypnea musciformis-synthesized silver nanoparticles as potential eco-friendly control tool against Aedes aegypti and Plutella xylostella. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.005

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Satyavani K, Ramanathan T, Gurudeeban S (2011) Plant mediated synthesis of biomedical silver nanoparticles by using leaf extract of Citrullus colocynthis. Res J Nanosci Nanotechnol 1:95–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savithramma N, Rao ML, Rukmini K, Devi PS (2011) Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using medicinal plants. Int J Chem Tech Res 3:1394–1402

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semmler M, Abdel-Ghaffar F, Al-Rasheid KAS, Mehlhorn H (2009) Nature helps: from research to products against blood sucking arthropods. Parasitol Res 105:1483–1487

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shankar S, Rai A, Ahmad A, Sastry M (2004) Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag and bimetallic Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. J Colloid Inter Sci 275:496–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RK, Dhiman RC, Singh SPJ (2003) Laboratory studies on the predatory potential of dragon-fly nymphs on mosquito larvae. Commun Dis Jun 35:96–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song JY, Kim BS (2009) Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 32:79–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soni N, Prakash S (2012) Efficacy of fungus mediated silver and gold nanoparticles against Aedes aegypti larvae. Parasitol Res 110:175–184

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stav G, Blaustein L, Margalit Y (2000) Influence of nymphal Anax imperator (Odonata: Aeshnidae) on oviposition by the mosquito Culiceta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) and community structure in temporary pools. J Vect Ecol 25:190–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suresh U, Murugan K, Benelli G, Nicoletti M, Barnard DR, Panneerselvam C, Mahesh Kumar P, Subramaniam J, Dinesh D, Chandramohan B (2015) Tackling the growing threat of dengue: Phyllanthus niruri-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their mosquitocidal properties against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 114:1551–1562

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Susanto H, Feng Y, Ulbricht M (2009) Fouling behavior of aqueous solutions of polyphenolic compounds during ultrafiltration. J Food Eng 91:333–340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thilagam M, Tamilselvi A, Chandrasekeran B, Rose C (2013) Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using medicinal and dye yielding plant of Bixa orellana L. leaf extract. J Pharma Sci Innov 2:9–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Kasahara Y, Kimura Y, Koike K, Nikaido T, Takido M (2001) Constituents of composite plants. 2. Triterpene diols, triols, and their 3-o-fatty acid esters from edible chrysanthemum flower extract and their anti-inflammatory effects. J Agric Food Chem 49:3187–3197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ward JV (1992) Aquatic insect ecology, volume 1: biology and habitat. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wattanachai P, Tintanon B (1999) Resistance of Aedes aegypti to chemical compounds in aerosol insecticide products in different areas of Bangkok Thailand. Commun Dis J 25:188–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Westfall MJ Jr, May ML (1996) Damselflies of North America. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2014) Malaria. Fact sheet N 94

  • Yanoviak SP (2001) Predation, resource availability and community structure in Neotropical water filled tree holes. Oecologia 126:125–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanoviak SP (2004) Predation, resource availability and community structure in Neotropical water-filled tree holes. Oecologia 126:125–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The Authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, for supporting this study (project RG-1435-057). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Heinz Mehlhorn and Giovanni Benelli are Editor in Chief and Editorial Board Member of Parasitology Research, respectively. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the Parasitology Research policies on sharing data and materials. 

Compliance with ethical standards

All applicable international and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kadarkarai Murugan, Devakumar Dinesh, Prabhu Jenil Kumar, Chellasamy Panneerselvam, Jayapal Subramaniam, Pari Madhiyazhagan & Udaiyan Suresh

  2. Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Marcello Nicoletti

  3. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah A. Alarfaj & Murugan A. Munusamy

  4. Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan

    Akon Higuchi

  5. Department of Parasitology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Heinz Mehlhorn

  6. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Benelli

Authors
  1. Kadarkarai Murugan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Devakumar Dinesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prabhu Jenil Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chellasamy Panneerselvam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jayapal Subramaniam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pari Madhiyazhagan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Udaiyan Suresh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Marcello Nicoletti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Abdullah A. Alarfaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Murugan A. Munusamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Akon Higuchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Heinz Mehlhorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Giovanni Benelli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giovanni Benelli.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Murugan, K., Dinesh, D., Kumar, P.J. et al. Datura metel-synthesized silver nanoparticles magnify predation of dragonfly nymphs against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi . Parasitol Res 114, 4645–4654 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4710-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4710-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation