Abstract
Radionuclide contamination is a concerning threat due to unexpected nuclear disasters and authorized discharge of radioactive elements, both in the past and in present times. Use of atomic power for energy generation is associated with unresolved issues concerning storage of residues and contaminants. For example, the nuclear accidents in Chernobyl 1986 and Fukushima 2011 resulted in considerable deposition of cesium (Cs) in soil, along with other radionuclides. Among Cs radioactive variants, the anthropogenic radioisotope 137Cs (t½ = 30.16 years) is of serious environmental concern, owing to its rapid incorporation into biological systems and emission of β and γ radiation during the decaying process. To remediate contaminated areas, mostly conventional techniques are applied that are not eco-friendly. Hence, an alternative green technology, i.e., phytoremediation, should in future be considered and implemented. This sustainable technology generates limited secondary waste and its objectives are to utilize hyper-accumulating plants to extract, stabilize, degrade, and filter the radionuclides. The review highlights plant mechanisms for up-taking radionuclides and influences of different environmental factors involved in the process, while considering its long-term effects.
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The authors acknowledge funding agency AERB, Mumbai, and guidance provided by research team members of SRI-AERB, Kalpakkam, especially for their valuable inputs and co-operation during drafting of review manuscript. The first author acknowledges AcSIR, Ghaziabad. The authors convey a deep sense of gratitude to Director, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneswar. In addition, the authors highly appreciate the suggestions made by respected editor and reviewer for enhancing the value of the manuscript.
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Singh, B.S.M., Dhal, N.K., Kumar, M. et al. Phytoremediation of 137Cs: factors and consequences in the environment. Radiat Environ Biophys 61, 341–359 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-022-00985-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-022-00985-3