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A liquid–vapor interface positioning method applied to PLIF measurements around evaporating monodisperse droplet streams

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Abstract

A planar laser induced fluorescence measurement of the vapor mole fraction field is developed around acetone monodisperse droplet streams. An accurate calibration is performed with an acetone saturated hermetic cell. An interface positioning method based on the Lorenz–Mie theory and on the geometrical optic is proposed on the images with the liquid phase despite the blooming effect. This accurate position is necessary to eliminate the blooming subsequently by hiding the liquid phase. Quantitative results obtained with two different injection temperatures concur with the numerical simulations.

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Abbreviations

Δ s :

difference in the interface position (m)

η:

Atthasit factor (Atthasit et al. 2003) (1)

ηoptic :

collection optic efficiency (1)

Φ:

quantum yield (1)

ϕ0 :

diaphragm diameter (m)

λlaser :

laser wavelength (m)

θ:

angle of the emerging fluorescence ray relative to the direction orthogonal to the droplet surface (rad)

ρ liq :

liquid density (kg m−3)

σ:

absorption cross section (m2)

ξ:

angle of the emerging fluorescence ray relative to the laser sheet plane (rad)

c :

light speed (m s−1)

C :

spacing parameter (1)

D d :

droplet diameter (m)

D slice :

sliced light cone diameter (m)

dV C :

collection volume (m3)

E :

laser fluence (J m−2)

E laser :

measured laser energy per pulse (J)

E liq :

laser fluence in liquid phase (J m−2)

E ∞ :

laser fluence in dry air (J m−2)

f 1 :

polynomial correction (1)

h :

Planck constant (J s)

\({\mathcal{K}}\) :

calibration coefficient (m2 J−1)

\({\mathcal{K}}_l\) :

liquid phase fluorescence coefficient (J−1 m−1)

L :

distance between the injector and the measurement point (m)

M :

liquid molar mass (kg mol−1)

n :

liquid real refractive index (1)

n i :

liquid imaginary refractive index (1)

\({\mathcal{N}}_A\) :

Avogadro number (mol−1)

P :

pressure (Pa)

P ref :

reference pressure (Pa)

P 0 :

calibration pressure (Pa)

P 1 :

experimental ambient pressure (Pa)

R :

ideal gas constant (J K−1 mol−1)

S d :

distance between two consecutive droplets (m)

S fluo :

fluorescence signal photons number (1)

S ′fluo :

extrapolated fluorescence signal photons number (1)

S fluo,liq :

liquid phase fluorescence signal photons number (1)

S fluo,ray :

cumulated photons number on an emerging ray (1)

S ref :

fluorescence reference signal photons number (1)

t f :

droplet evolution time between the injector and the measurement point (s)

T :

temperature (K)

T 0 :

calibration temperature (K)

T 1 :

experimental ambient temperature (K)

T cell :

transmission factor of the cell window (1)

T dioptre :

transmission factor through the droplet interface (1)

T mask :

mask transmission factor (1)

T ref :

reference temperature (K)

V droplet :

droplet velocity (m s−1)

x :

Cartesian coordinate (m)

x mask :

Cartesian coordinate of the mask edge (m)

x window :

Cartesian coordinate of the cell window (m)

X acetone :

acetone mole fraction (1)

y :

Cartesian coordinate (m)

z :

Cartesian coordinate (m)

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the French environment agency (ADEME) and the car manufacturer Renault for its contribution to improve combustion in engines and reduce the pollutant emissions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SLA, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 30, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Bruno Frackowiak

  2. ONERA, DMAE, 2 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055, Toulouse, France

    Alain Strzelecki & Gérard Lavergne

Authors
  1. Bruno Frackowiak
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  2. Alain Strzelecki
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  3. Gérard Lavergne
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Correspondence to Bruno Frackowiak.

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Frackowiak, B., Strzelecki, A. & Lavergne, G. A liquid–vapor interface positioning method applied to PLIF measurements around evaporating monodisperse droplet streams. Exp Fluids 46, 671–682 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-008-0592-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-008-0592-3

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