Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) prefers cool environments, and high temperatures affect its yield and quality. Polyamines (PAs) have a mitigating effect on plant abiotic stresses. The effect of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the osmoregulatory substances and stomata of seedlings of the non-heat-tolerant lettuce variety ‘Bei San 3’ under high temperature stress was investigated at 35 °C/30 °C (day/night) under spray treatment with Spd. The results showed that exogenous Spd increased the total fresh weight, root-to-shoot ratio, leaf length, leaf width, root volume, and root surface area of lettuce under high temperature stress and reduced levels of malondialdehyde. The endogenous polyamine content was changed, and endogenous spermidine (Spd) and putrescine (Put) were increased. The accumulation of six organic osmoregulatory substances was promoted, resulting in enhanced betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), choline monooxygenase (CMO), proline catalase pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) activity. The production and activity of the degrading enzymes proline dehydrogenase (PDH) and proline oxidase (POX) were inhibited, and the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the key enzyme of γ-aminobutyric (GABA), was suppressed. In addition, exogenous Spd increased the contents of Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and NO3− ions in lettuce leaves under high temperature stress, promoted K+ efflux and Ca2+ influx, and reduced the relative stomatal aperture. In summary, exogenous Spd mitigates lettuce injury caused by high temperature stress by increasing the content of osmoregulatory substances and altering stomatal morphology.
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We thank American Journal Experts (AJE) for English language editing. This manuscript was edited for English language by American Journal Experts (AJE). We thank Xin He and Wenjing Sun from Beijing University of Agriculture for determination of lettuce endogenous polyamines.
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This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0201010), the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System (BAIC07), and the Science and Technology Program of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM201910020012).
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HH participated in the investigation and writing of the original draft; YH participated in the resources and writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript; JH participated in the writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript; XQ participated in the writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript; CL participated in the conceptualization, writing, reviewing, and editing of the manuscript, and funding acquisition; SF participated in the conceptualization and funding acquisition.
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Huang, H., Han, Y., Hao, J. et al. Exogenous Spermidine Modulates Osmoregulatory Substances and Leaf Stomata to Alleviate the Damage to Lettuce Seedlings Caused by High Temperature Stress. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 1236–1255 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10625-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10625-1