Abstract
Adverse effects caused by inadequate magnesium (Mg) supply (deficiency or excess) often cause oxidative stress in chloroplasts and a decline in photosynthetic activity. However, 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is a natural, biodegradable, and ecologically viable plant growth regulator with multiple roles in plant metabolism. This research aims to determine whether the foliar application of EBR (1) can delay chlorophyll degradation and/or (2) mitigate oxidative stress on the photosynthetic process in magnesium-stressed soybean plants. The experiment followed a completely randomized factorial design with two concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (0 and 0.1 mM EBR, described as – EBR and + EBR, respectively) and three Mg supplies (0.0225, 2.25 and 225 mM Mg, described as low, control and high supply of Mg). Inadequate Mg supplies (deficiency and excess) negatively interfered with photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. However, exogenous EBR sprayed in plants under high Mg maximized superoxide dismutase (37%), catalase (34%), ascorbate peroxidase (48%) and peroxidase (49%), protecting against oxidative stress and delaying chlorophyll degradation. Concomitantly, plants sprayed with this steroid had increases in Mg content, improving the photochemical efficiency and gas exchange because Mg plays an essential role during the light capture process.
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Data Availability
Data are available upon request to the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- BRs:
-
Brassinosteroids
- Bo:
-
Boron
- Ca:
-
Calcium
- CAR:
-
Carotenoids
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- Chl a :
-
Chlorophyll a
- Chl b :
-
Chlorophyll b
- C i :
-
Intercellular CO2 concentration
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- Cu:
-
Copper
- E :
-
Transpiration rate
- EBR:
-
24-Epibrassinolide
- EL:
-
Electrolyte leakage
- ETR:
-
Electron transport rate
- ETR/P N :
-
Ratio between the apparent electron transport rate and the net photosynthetic rate
- EXC:
-
Relative energy excess at the PSII level
- F 0 :
-
Minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- F m :
-
Maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- F v :
-
Variable fluorescence
- F v/F m :
-
Maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry
- gs :
-
Stomatal conductance
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- K:
-
Potassium
- LDM:
-
Leaf dry matter
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- Mg:
-
Magnesium
- Mn:
-
Manganese
- NPQ:
-
Nonphotochemical quenching
- O2 − :
-
Superoxide
- P N :
-
Net photosynthetic rate
- P N/C i :
-
Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency
- POX:
-
Peroxidase
- PSII:
-
Photosystem II
- qP :
-
Photochemical quenching
- RDM:
-
Root dry matter
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RuBisCO:
-
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- SDM:
-
Stem dry matter
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- S:
-
Sulphur
- TDM:
-
Total dry matter
- Total Chl:
-
Total chlorophyll
- WUE:
-
Water-use efficiency
- Φ PSII :
-
Effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry
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This research received financial support from Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas (FAPESPA/Brazil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Brazil) and Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA/Brazil) to AKSL.
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AKSL was the advisor of this project, planning all phases of the research and critically revised the manuscript. LAS conducted the experiment and performed physiological, biochemical and morphological determinations, as well as wrote and edited the manuscript. BLB performed nutritional determinations. All authors read and approved final version of manuscript.
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dos Santos, L.A., Batista, B.L. & Lobato, A.K.d. 24-Epibrasinolide Delays Chlorophyll Degradation and Stimulates the Photosynthetic Machinery in Magnesium-Stressed Soybean Plants. J Plant Growth Regul 42, 183–198 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10539-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10539-4