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Influence of carbon nanotubes reinforcement on the structural feature and bioactivity of SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–K2CO3–CaO–MgF2 bioglass

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Abstract

Various glass compositions were synthesized using a melt-quenching technique doped with different concentrations of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from 0.1 to 0.7% in the glassy system SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–K2CO3–CaO–MgF2. Density was determined by employing a liquid displacement method. Several physical parameters such as molar volume (Vm), oxygen molar volume (Vo) were calculated and found to be decreases from 36.49 ± 0.729 to 24.28 ± 0.485 × 10–6 m3/mol, and 21.86 ± 0.437 to 14.60 ± 0.292 × 10–6 m3/mol, respectively. However, density and oxygen packing density (OPD) increases from 1.99 ± 0.099 to 2.98 ± 0.149 × 103 kg/m3 and 45.74 ± 0.914 to 68.49 ± 1.369 × 10–3 kg-atom/l with increasing content of CNT. In the present study, reinforcement effects of CNTs were explained using several spectroscopic techniques like Fourier transform infrared, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, respectively. Based on Tauc plots of the UV–Vis spectra, the energy band gap was determined and their values decreased from 6.95 to 6.23 × 10–19 J which is owing to the formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO) in the glassy matrix. Contact angle measurements were also performed to check the wettability of the glasses and their values increased with CNT % from 18.14° to 77.8°. 29Si-MAS-NMR spectroscopic study revealed the random distribution of two different cations, \({\text{Ca}}^{{2 + }}\) and \({\text{Mg}}^{{2 + }}\) within the glasses which lead to structural and topological frustration. To check the cell viability, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and alkaline phosphatase assay were also performed. Owing to outstanding stability in various fluids like saline water, distilled water, and hydrochloric acid, the fabricated glasses exhibited functional activities with an adequate proliferation of rat calverail osteoblast cells. Consequently, based on the various characterization techniques such as mechanical, tribological, and biological activities, the fabricated bioactive glasses can be used for biomedical and multifunctional applications.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. C. R. Gautam is very grateful to UGC, New Delhi, India for providing the financial support under UGC Research Award No. F. 30-33/2011 (S.A.). Dr. Manasi Ghosh is indebted to Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), government of India (File no. EMR/2016/000249) and UGC-BSR (File no. 30-12/2014BSR) for financial support. And we are also thankful to the Sophisticated Instrumentation Centre (SIC) of Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University for extending the solid-state NMR facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226007, India

    Shweta & Chandkiram Gautam

  2. Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar, 470003, India

    Krishna Kishor Dey

  3. Physics Section, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India

    Manasi Ghosh

  4. Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India

    Ravi Prakash, Kriti Sharma & Divya Singh

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  1. Shweta
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Shweta, Gautam, C., Dey, K.K. et al. Influence of carbon nanotubes reinforcement on the structural feature and bioactivity of SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–K2CO3–CaO–MgF2 bioglass. Appl. Phys. A 127, 545 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04708-1

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