Abstract
Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) studies of Si/SiO2 interfaces by resonant two-photon excitation of Si interband transitions are reviewed. Three different types of interband resonances at Si interfaces are identified in SHG spectra: (i) E1 and E2 critical-point bulk interband transitions in the space-charge region of charged Si interfaces, (ii) E1- and E2-type transitions associated with Si atoms at the interface in bulk-like tetrahedral coordination, and (iii) transitions related to Si interface atoms with bonding properties specific of the atomic structure of the interface. The effects of the polarity of space-charge fields on SHG spectra of Si(100)/SiO2 interfaces are also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.M. Terman, Solid State Electron. 5, 285 (1962)
G.D. Wilk, R.M. Wallace, J.M. Anthony, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 484 (2000)
E.H. Nicollian, A. Goetzberger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 7, 216 (1965)
P.V. Gray, D.M. Brown, Appl. Phys. Lett. 8, 31 (1966)
Y. Tarui, Y. Komiya, H. Teshima, K. Nagai, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 5, 275 (1966)
E.H. Poindexter, G.J. Gerardi, M.-E. Rueckel, P.J. Caplan, N.M. Johnson, D.K. Biegelsen, J. Appl. Phys. 56, 2844 (1984)
F.J. Grunthaner, P.J. Grunthaner, R.P. Vasquez, B.F. Lewis, J. Maserjian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1683 (1979)
J.P. Grunthaner, M.H. Hecht, F.J. Grunthaner, N.M. Johnson, J. Appl. Phys. 61, 629 (1987)
F.J. Himpsel, F.R. McFeely, A. Taleb-Ibrahimi, J.A. Yarmoff, G. Hollinger, Phys. Rev. B 38, 6084 (1988)
G. Hollinger, F.J. Himpsel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 93 (1984)
H. Ibach, H.D. Bruchmann, H. Wagner, Appl. Phys. A 29, 113 (1982)
J.F. McGilp, Prog. Surf. Sci. 49, 1 (1995)
D.E. Aspnes, A.A. Studna, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1956 (1985)
T. Yasuda, D.E. Aspnes, D.R. Lee, C.H. Bjorkman, G. Lucovsky, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12, 1152 (1994)
T. Yasuda, L. Mantese, U. Rossow, D.E. Aspnes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3431 (1995)
T. Yasuda, S. Yamasaki, M. Nishizawa, N. Miyata, A. Shklyaev, M. Ichikawa, T. Matsudo, T. Ohta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 037403 (2001)
T. Matsudo, T. Ohta, T. Yasuda, M. Nishizawa, N. Miyata, S. Yamasaki, A.A. Shklyaev, M. Ichikawa, J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3637 (2002)
G.A. Reider, T.F. Heinz, Photonic Probes of Surfaces (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995), Chap. 9, pp. 413–478
H.W.K. Tom, C.M. Mate, X.D. Zhu, J.E. Crowell, T.F. Heinz, G.A. Somorjai, Y.R. Shen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 348 (1984)
J.H. Hunt, P. Guyot-Sionnest, Y.R. Shen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 133, 189 (1987)
G. Lüpke, Surf. Sci. Rep. 35, 75 (1999)
Y.R. Shen, Surf. Sci. 299–300, 551 (1994)
G. Erley, R. Butz, W. Daum, Phys. Rev. B 59, 2915 (1999)
T.F. Heinz, F.J. Himpsel, E. Palange, E. Burstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 644 (1989)
W. Daum, H.-J. Krause, U. Reichel, H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1234 (1993)
W. Daum, H.-J. Krause, U. Reichel, H. Ibach, Phys. Scripta T49, 513 (1993)
H.W.K. Tom, T.F. Heinz, Y.R. Shen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1983 (1983)
S. Bergfeld, B. Braunschweig, W. Daum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 097402 (2004)
J.I. Dadap, X.F. Hu, M.H. Anderson, M.C. Downer, J.K. Lowell, O.A. Aktsipetrov, Phys. Rev. B 53, R7607 (1996)
Y.Q. An, S.T. Cundiff, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 5174 (2002)
D.E. Aspnes, A.A. Studna, Phys. Rev. B 27, 985 (1983)
N. Bloembergen, R.K. Chang, S.S. Jha, C.H. Lee, Phys. Rev. 174, 813 (1968)
T.F. Heinz, M.M.T. Loy, W.A. Thompson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 63 (1985)
H.W.K. Tom, X.D. Zhu, Y.R. Shen, G.A. Somorjai, Surf. Sci. 167, 167 (1986)
C. Meyer, G. Lüpke, F. Wolter, H. Kurz, C.H. Bjorkman, G. Lucovsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3001 (1995)
K. Pedersen, P. Morgen, Phys. Rev. B 52, R2277 (1995)
U. Höfer, Appl. Phys. A 63, 533 (1996)
T. Suzuki, D.E. Milovzorov, S. Kogo, M. Tsukakoshi, M. Aono, Appl. Phys. B 68, 623 (1999)
P. Lautenschlager, M. Garriga, L. Vina, M. Cardona, Phys. Rev. B 36, 4821 (1987)
A. Rumpel, B. Manschwetus, G. Lilienkamp, H. Schmidt, W. Daum, Phys. Rev. B 74, 081303 (2006)
G. Erley, W. Daum, Phys. Rev. B 58, R1734 (1998)
J.I. Dadap, Z. Xu, X.F. Hu, M.C. Downer, N.M. Russel, J.G. Ekerdt, O.A. Aktsipetrov, Phys. Rev. B 56, 13367 (1997)
The dc electric field responsible for the E1,SCR contribution in Fig. 3 is at least partly caused by laser-induced electron traps at the oxide surface; see [40]
A. Pasquarello, M.S. Hybertsen, R. Car, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 625 (1996)
Y. Tu, J. Tersoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4393 (2000)
C.H. Lee, R.K. Chang, N. Bloembergen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 167 (1967)
P.R. Fischer, J.L. Daschbach, G.L. Richmond, Chem. Phys. Lett. 218, 200 (1994)
O.A. Aktsipetrov, A.A. Fedyanin, V.N. Golovkina, T.V. Murzina, Opt. Lett. 19, 1450 (1994)
O.A. Aktsipetrov, I.M. Baranova, K.N. Evtyukhov, T.V. Murzina, I.V. Chernyi, Sov. J. Quantum Electron. 22, 807 (1992)
P.R. Fischer, J.L. Dashbach, D.E. Gragson, G.L. Richmond, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12, 2617 (1994)
O.A. Aktsipetrov, E.D. Mishina, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 274, 62 (1984)
C. Ohlhoff, C. Meyer, G. Lüpke, T. Löffler, T. Pfeiffer, H.G. Roskos, H. Kurz, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 1699 (1996)
A. Nahata, T.F. Heinz, J.A. Misewich, Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 746 (1996)
J. Bloch, J.G. Mihaychuk, H.M. van Driel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 920 (1996)
J.G. Mihaychuk, J. Bloch, Y. Liu, H. van Driel, Opt. Lett. 20, 2063 (1995)
M. Cernusca, R. Heer, G. Reider, Appl. Phys. B 66, 367 (1998)
W. Wang, G. Lüpke, M.D. Ventra, S.T. Pantelides, J.M. Gilligan, N.H. Tolk, I.C. Kizilyalli, P.K. Roy, G. Margaritondo, G. Lucovsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4224 (1998)
J. Fang, G.P. Li, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 3506 (1999)
Y.D. Glinka, W. Wang, S.K. Singh, Z. Marka, S.N. Rashkeev, Y. Shirokaya, R. Albridge, S.T. Pantelides, N.H. Tolk, G. Lucovsky, Phys. Rev. B 65, 193103 (2002)
V. Fomenko, E. Borguet, Phys. Rev. B 68, 081301(R) (2003)
T. Scheidt, E.G. Rohwer, H.M. von Bergmann, H. Stafast, Phys. Rev. B 69, 7165314 (2004)
N. Shamir, J.G. Mihaychuk, H.M. van Driel, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 896 (2000)
N. Shamir, H.M. van Driel, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 909 (2000)
P. Godefroy, W. de Jong, C.W. van Hasselt, M.A.C. Devillers, T. Rasing, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 1981 (1996)
A. Rumpel, B. Manschwetus, G. Lilienkamp, H. Schmidt, W. Daum, to be published
R. Zallen, W. Paul, Phys. Rev. 155, 703 (1967)
D.-A. Luh, T. Miller, T.-C. Chiang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3014 (1997)
S. Gallego, J. Avila, M. Martin, X. Blase, A. Taleb, P. Dumas, M.C. Asensio, Phys. Rev. B 61, 12628 (2000)
E. Yablonovitch, D.L. Allara, C.C. Chang, T. Gmitter, T.B. Bright, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 249 (1986)
T.V. Dolgova, A.A. Fedyanin, O.A. Aktsipetrov, G. Marowsky, Phys. Rev. B 66, 033305 (2002)
H. Lüth, Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films (Springer, Berlin, 2001)
J.E. Meija, B.S. Mendoza, M. Palummo, G. Onida, R.D. Sole, S. Bergfeld, W. Daum, Phys. Rev. B 66, 195329 (2002)
X.-P. Li, D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3543 (1992)
S. Bergfeld, W. Daum, unpublished results
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
PACS
73.40.Qv; 73.20.-r; 42.65.Ky
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Daum, W. Optical studies of Si/SiO 2 interfaces by second-harmonic generation spectroscopy of silicon interband transitions. Appl. Phys. A 87, 451–460 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3913-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-007-3913-0