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Two pathways of 2n gamete formation and differences in the frequencies of 2n gametes between wild species and interspecific hybrids

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Abstract

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Epidendrum produces 2 n gametes with high frequency. This paper is the first to report on multiple pathways for forming 2 n gametes, meiotic defeats, and pre-meiotic chromosome doubling.

Abstract

Unreduced 2n reproductive cells are predominantly involved in pathways that lead to polyploid plants. Although one of the most common pathways for inducing 2n gametes is through meiotic defects, a small set of isolated species alternatively generates 2n gametes from tetraploid pollen mother cells in the pre-meiotic phase. Hence, determining the mechanisms underlying 2n gamete formation is critical to improving breeding programmes and understanding plant evolution. We investigated sporads to reveal the pathway(s) accounting for the formation and frequencies of 2n gametes in wild species and interspecific hybrids in the genus Epidendrum. We investigated different types of sporads with varying frequencies, sizes, and viability in the wild species and hybrids of the genus Epidendrum. Large tetrad-estimated pre-meiotic chromosome doubling was observed in wild species. The Epidendrum is unique in that it forms 2n pollens via two pathways, namely, meiotic defects and pre-meiotic chromosome doubling. These two pathways of 2n pollen formation could influence the high diversity generation of polyploidy with different degrees of heterozygosity and genetic backgrounds in the genus Epidendrum. Therefore, these findings are proposed to influence polyploid breeding of Epidendrum via 2n pollen, helping us understand evolution and speciation via unreduced 2n gamete formation in Orchidaceae.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Funding

KAKENHI 21J11832 and the Okinawa Churashima Foundation supported this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan

    Haruka Kondo, Ayumi Deguchi, Shinji Kikuchi & Kazumitsu Miyoshi

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  1. Haruka Kondo
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  2. Ayumi Deguchi
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  3. Shinji Kikuchi
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  4. Kazumitsu Miyoshi
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Contributions

HK: analysed the data, HK and KM: planned and designed the research, and then AD and SK: assisted with the experimental design and drafting the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kazumitsu Miyoshi.

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Communicated by Sukhpreet Sandhu.

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Kondo, H., Deguchi, A., Kikuchi, S. et al. Two pathways of 2n gamete formation and differences in the frequencies of 2n gametes between wild species and interspecific hybrids. Plant Cell Rep 41, 2187–2200 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-022-02915-5

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