Abstract
The present work involves fabrication of PNIPAM-based terpolymeric hydrogel magnetite (Fe2O3) composite, i.e. ferrogels by coprecipitation method. The effects of Fe2O3 particles on the properties of resulting hydrogels were examined in terms of swelling studies at different temperatures, deswelling kinetics, mechanical and separation behaviour. The ferrogels were found to have higher equilibrium swelling percentage than conventional hydrogels. This shows that the thermoresponsive behaviour of the FeNTA233, FeNTH233 and FeNTM233 remains unchanged and having a range of phase transition temperature. It was observed that the ferrogels exhibited higher rate of swelling than the conventional hydrogels. FeNTA233, FeNTH233 and FeNTM233 showed non-Fickian type of diffusion. Deswelling study showed that ferrogels exhibited the faster shrinking rate and lost water dramatically. Thermogravimetric studies of ferrogels in air atmosphere were carried out to reveal the kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition reaction through Coats–Redfern calculation and deconvolution procedures. The values of the apparent activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A in Arrhenius equation were calculated. Also, incorporation of magnetite particle increased the storage moduli and compression moduli of ferrogels by reinforcement of network structure. But, it was found that the separation efficiency of ferrogels reduced from the conventional hydrogels.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
García-Peñas A, Sharma G, Kumar A, Galluzzi M, Du L, Stadler FJ (2019) Effect of cross-linker in poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide)-grafted-gelatin gels prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis. Chem Sel 4:10346–10351
Ghasemi S, Andami Z (2017) Polymeric schiff base metal complexes based on thermo-responsive PNIPAM: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity. Chem Sel 2:5864–5870
Sharma S, Deepak KA, Afgan S, Kumar R (2017) Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogel-copper nanocomposite material for biomedical application and its alternative application to catalytic field. Chem Sel 2:11281–11287
Wang J, Zhu X, Wei L, Ye Y, Liu Y, Li J, Mei T, Wang X, Wang L (2018) Controlled shape transformation and loading release of smart hemispherical hybrid microgels triggered by ‘inner engines’. Chem Sel 3:4067–4074
Shekhar S, Mukherjee M, Sen AK (2012) Synthesis, characterization and protein separation efficiency of N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-tertiary butylacrylamide-co-acrylamide-based hydrogel. Iran Polym J 21(12):895–904
Shekhar S, Mukherjee M, Sen AK (2014) Synthesis and characterization of thermoresponsive terpolymer for protein separation. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater 63:389–397
Shekhar S, Mukherjee M, Sen AK (2016) Swelling, thermal and mechanical properties of NIPAM based terpolymeric hydrogel. Polym Bull 73(1):125–145
Shekhar S, Mukherjee M, Sen AK (2019) Effect of surfactant on the swelling and mechanical behavior of NIPAM-based terpolymer. Polym Bull. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02940-7
Bouklas N, Huang R (2012) Swelling kinetics of polymer gels: comparison of linear and nonlinear theories. Soft Matter 8:8194. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm25467k
Boyde TRC (1976) Swelling and contraction aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide gel slabs in aqueous solutions. J Chromatogr 124:219–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)89737-X
Suzuki A, Tanaka T (1990) Phase transition in polymer gels induced by visible light. Nature 346:345–347
Zhang XZ, Wang FJ, Chu CC (2003) Thermoresponsive hydrogel with rapid response dynamics. J Mater Sci Mater Med 14:451–455
Zhang XZ, Wu DQ, Chu CC (2004) Synthesis, characterization, and controlled drug release of thermo sensitive IPN-PNIPAAM hydrogels. Biomaterials 25:3793–3805
Haraguchi K, Takehisa T, Fan S (2002) Effects of clay content on the properties of nanocomposite hydrogels composed of poly(nisopropylacrylamide) and clay. Macromolecules 35:10162–10171
Fei RC, George JT, Park J, Means AK, Grunlan MA (2013) Ultra-strong thermoresponsive double network hydrogels. Soft Matter 9:2912–2919
Haraguchi K, Li H (2005) J. Control of the coil-to-globule transition and ultrahigh mechanical properties of PNIPA in nanocomposite hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:6500–6504
Xia LW, Xie R, Ju XJ, Wang W, Chen Q, Chu LY (2013) Nano-structured smart hydrogels with rapid response and high elasticity. Nat Commun 4:2226
Alam MA, Takafuji M, Ihara H (2013) Thermosensitive hybrid hydrogels with silica nanoparticle-cross-linked polymer networks. J Colloid Interface Sci 405:109–117
Xia M, Wu W, Liu F, Theato P, Zhu M (2015) Swelling behavior of thermosensitive nanocomposite hydrogels composed of oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylates and clay. Eur Polym J 69:472–482
Zhu Z, Li Y, Xu H, Peng X, Chen YN, Shang C, Zhang Q, Liu J, Wang H (2016) Tough and thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide hydrogels with macroscopically oriented liquid crystalline structures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:15637–15644
Schwall CT, Banerjee I, a. (2009) Micro- and nanoscale hydrogel systems for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Materials 2:577–612
Hu X, Hao X, Wu Y et al (2013) Multifunctional hybrid silica nanoparticles for controlled doxorubicin loading and release with thermal and pH dual response. J Mater Chem B 1:1109–1118
Cooperstein MA, Canavan HE (2013) Assessment of cytotoxicity of (Nisopropylacrylamide) and poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide)-coated surfaces. Biointerphases 8:19
Philippova O, Barabanova A, Molchanov V, Khokhlov A (2011) Magnetic polymer beads: recent trends and developments in synthetic design and applications. Eur Polym J 47:542–559
Lao LL, Ramanujan RV (2004) Magnetic and hydrogel composite materials for hyperthermia applications. J Mater Sci Mater Med 15:1061–1064
Bhattarai N, Gunn J, Zhang M (2010) Chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled, localized drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62:83–99
Sauzeddle F, Elaissari A, Pichot C (1999) Hydrophilic magnetic polymer latexes. Adsorption of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles onto various cationic latexes. Colloid Polym Sci 277:846–855
Sahiner N (2006) In situ metal particle preparation in cross-linked poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonic acid) hydrogel networks. Colloid Polym Sci 285:283–292
Gu S, Shiratori T, Konno M (2003) Synthesis of monodisperse, magnetic latex particles with polystyrene core. Colloid Polym Sci 281:1076–1081
Caykara T, Yoruk D, Demirci S (2009) Preparation and characterization of poly (N-tert-butylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) ferrogel. J Appl Polym Sci 112:800–804
Reddy NN, Mohana YM, Varaprasada K, Ravindraa S, Vimalaa K, Mohana Raju K (2011) Preparation and application of magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites for protein purification and metal absorption. J Polym Res 18:2285–2294
Van Dyke JD, Kasperski KLJ (1993) Thermogravimetric study of polyacrylamide with evolved gas analysis. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 31:1807–1823
Coats AW, Redfern JP (1964) Kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric data. Nature 201:68–69
Budrugeac P (2001) The evaluation of the non-isothermal kinetic parameters of the thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of polymers and polymeric materials: its use and abuse. Polym Degrad Stab 71:185–187
Othman MBH, Khan A, Ahmad Z, Zakaria MR, Ullah F, Akil HM (2016) Kinetic investigation and lifetime prediction of Cs–NIPAM–MBA-based thermo-responsive hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 136:1182–1193
Georgieva V, Zvezdova D, Vlaev L (2012) Non-isothermal kinetics of thermal degradation of chitin. J Therm Anal Calorim. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2359-6
Janković B (2015) Devolatilization kinetics of swine manure solid pyrolysis using deconvolution procedure. Determination of the bio-oil/liquid yields and char gasification. Fuel Process Technol 138:1–13
Sivudu KS, Rhee KY (2009) Preparation and characterization of pH-responsive hydrogel magnetite nanocomposite. Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 349:29–34
Wicks ZW, Jones FN, Pappas SP (eds) (1999) Organic coating science and technology, 2nd edn. Wiley, NewYork
Zhu D, Lu M, Guo J, Liang L, Lan Y (2012) Effect of adamantyl methacrylate on the thermal and mechanical properties of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 124:155–163
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shekhar, S., Mukherjee, M. & Sen, A.K. Effect of Fe2O3 on the swelling, mechanical and thermal behaviour of NIPAM-based terpolymer. Polym. Bull. 78, 5029–5054 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03336-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-020-03336-8