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Bacterial Arsenic Metabolism and Its Role in Arsenic Bioremediation

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Abstract

Arsenic contaminations, often adversely influencing the living organisms, including plants, animals, and the microbial communities, are of grave apprehension. Many physical, chemical, and biological techniques are now being explored to minimize the adverse affects of arsenic toxicity. Bioremediation of arsenic species using arsenic loving bacteria has drawn much attention. Arsenate and arsenite are mostly uptaken by bacteria through aquaglycoporins and phosphate transporters. After entering arsenic inside bacterial cell arsenic get metabolized (e.g., reduction, oxidation, methylation, etc.) into different forms. Arsenite is sequentially methylated into monomethyl arsenic acid (MMA) and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA), followed by a transformation of less toxic, volatile trimethyl arsenic acid (TMA). Passive remediation techniques, including adsorption, biomineralization, bioaccumulation, bioleaching, and so on are exploited by bacteria. Rhizospheric bacterial association with some specific plants enhances phytoextraction process. Arsenic-resistant rhizospheric bacteria have immense role in enhancement of crop plant growth and development, but their applications are not well studied till date. Emerging techniques like phytosuction separation (PS-S) have a promising future, but still light to be focused on these techniques. Plant-associated bioremediation processes like phytoextraction and phytosuction separation (PS-S) techniques might be modified by treating with potent bacteria for furtherance.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to UGC-Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany and DST-FIST, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, for pursuing all the research facilities. AK is thankful to DHESTBT (WB-DBT) [Memo. No. 30 (Sanc.)-BT/ST/P/S&T/2G-48/2017] and UH is thankful to SRF (State Fund) for the financial assistance [Fc (Sc.)/RS/SF/BOT./2017-18/22].

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  1. UGC-Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713104, India

    Ashutosh Kabiraj, Raju Biswas, Urmi Halder & Rajib Bandopadhyay

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  1. Ashutosh Kabiraj
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  2. Raju Biswas
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  3. Urmi Halder
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RB1 and AK adopted the idea and wrote the manuscript. RB2 and UH collected the information. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajib Bandopadhyay.

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Kabiraj, A., Biswas, R., Halder, U. et al. Bacterial Arsenic Metabolism and Its Role in Arsenic Bioremediation. Curr Microbiol 79, 131 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02810-y

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