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Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on learning and memory and synaptic plasticity impairment in an aged Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: a behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological study

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Abstract

Rationale

Aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and cognitive and memory impairments are common among the elderly. Interestingly, coenzyme Q10 (Q10) levels decline in the brain of aging animals. Q10 is a substantial antioxidant substance, which has an important role in the mitochondria.

Objective

We assessed the possible effects of Q10 on learning and memory and synaptic plasticity in aged β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced AD rats.

Methods

In this study, 40 Wistar rats (24–36 months old; 360–450 g) were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 rats/group)—group I: control, group II: Aβ, group III: Q10; 50 mg/kg, and group IV: Q10+Aβ. Q10 was administered orally by gavage daily for 4 weeks before the Aβ injection. The cognitive function and learning and memory of the rats were measured by the novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), and passive avoidance learning (PAL) tests. Finally, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol group (TTG), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured.

Results

Q10 improved the Aβ-related decrease in the discrimination index in the NOR test, spatial learning and memory in the MWM test, passive avoidance learning and memory in the PAL test, and long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment in the hippocampal PP-DG pathway in aged rats. In addition, Aβ injection significantly increased serum MDA and TOS levels. Q10, however, significantly reversed these parameters and also increased TAC and TTG levels in the Aβ+Q10 group.

Conclusions

Our experimental findings suggest that Q10 supplementation can suppress the progression of neurodegeneration that otherwise impairs learning and memory and reduces synaptic plasticity in our experimental animals. Therefore, similar supplemental Q10 treatment given to humans with AD could possibly provide them a better quality of life.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant (Grant No.: 9412257459) of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This Center supported us in study design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. The authors are grateful to the staff of the Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences for supporting this study.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Masoumeh Asadbegi and Hamidreza Komaki contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Masoumeh Asadbegi, Hamidreza Komaki, Nafiseh Faraji, Masoumeh Taheri, Samaneh Safari, Safoura Raoufi & Alireza Komaki

  2. Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Masoumeh Asadbegi, Nafiseh Faraji, Samaneh Safari & Alireza Komaki

  3. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Hamidreza Komaki, Safoura Raoufi & Alireza Komaki

  4. Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami

  5. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Zoleikha Golipoor

Authors
  1. Masoumeh Asadbegi
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  2. Hamidreza Komaki
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  3. Nafiseh Faraji
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  4. Masoumeh Taheri
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  5. Samaneh Safari
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  6. Safoura Raoufi
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  7. Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
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  8. Zoleikha Golipoor
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  9. Alireza Komaki
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alireza Komaki.

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All of the experiments and animal care methods were confirmed by the Veterinary Ethics Board of the Hamadan University of Medical Science and carried out according to the Guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the principles of laboratory animal care (NIH Publication 80-23, 1996).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Asadbegi, M., Komaki, H., Faraji, N. et al. Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 on learning and memory and synaptic plasticity impairment in an aged Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: a behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological study. Psychopharmacology 240, 951–967 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06338-2

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