Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Research on fabricating Cu/stainless steel composite thin strips by two-pass cold roll-bonding with intermediate annealing

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Roll bonding is feasible to fabricate T2 copper (Cu)/ stainless steel (SS) composite thin trips, which have great potential for use in micromanufacturing, robotics, aerospace, and other applications. However, the effective bonding of Cu and SS could be hindered by limited diffusion of the elements and uncoordinated deformation of the metal matrices. In this study, Cu/SS composite strips with 0.24 mm thickness were prepared by the two-pass cold rolling process with intermediate annealing at 400 ~ 1000℃. The influences of the intermediate annealing process on the tensile and peeling strength were investigated. Finite element simulation and microstructure evaluation were carried out to analyze the deformation behaviors and bonding mechanisms of the strips. The results indicate that the deformation coordination in the second-pass rolling and the bonding strength were improved by appropriate intermediate annealing processes. The difference in the deformation resistance between Cu and SS became the lowest by intermediate annealing at 1000℃, while the deformation of Cu and SS was severely uncoordinated by annealing at 600℃. The peel strength and elongation of the strips annealed at 1000℃ were 11.65 ± 0.7N/mm and 34.8 ± 1.3% after the second-pass rolling, which were 79.23% and 6.64 times higher than the strips manufactured without intermediate annealing, respectively. In this work, Cu/SS thin strips with high bonding strength and ductility were successfully manufactured by appropriate intermediate annealing process, and the bonding mechanisms were systematically discussed.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Naseri M, Reihanian M, Borhani E (2016) Bonding behavior during cold roll-cladding of tri-layered Al/brass/Al composite. J Manuf Process 24:125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.08.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Parvin H, Kazeminezhad M (2023) Strength evolution during accumulative roll bonding of the metal matrix composite. J Mater Res Technol 24:1513–1523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.03.082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ren M, Xie H, Lin F, Jia F, Huo M, Wu H, Yang M, Jiang Z (2022) Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper/SS304L composite sheets. Vacuum 204:111370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang H, Jiao KX, Zhang JL, Liu J (2018) Experimental and numerical investigations of interface characteristics of copper/steel composite prepared by explosive welding. Mater Des 154:140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.05.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yang M, Chen D, Zhou H, Xu J, Ma H, Shen Z, Zhang B, Tian J (2021) Experimental and numerical investigation of microstructure and evolution of TiNi Alloy/Q235 steel interfaces prepared by explosive welding. J Mater Res Technol 15:5803–5813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Carvalho GHSFL, Mendes R, Leal RM, Galvão I, Loureiro A (2017) Effect of the flyer material on the interface phenomena in aluminium and copper explosive welds. Mater Des 122:172–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhou Q, Liu R, Zhou Q, Chen P, Zhu L (2021) Microstructure characterization and tensile shear failure mechanism of the bonding interface of explosively welded titanium-steel composite. Mater Sci Eng A 820:141559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wu X, Shi C, Fang Z, Lin S, Sun Z (2021) Comparative study on welding energy and Interface characteristics of titanium-aluminum explosive composites with and without interlayer. Mater Des 197:109279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen Z, Xu J, Zhou H, Chen D, Yang M, Ma H, Shen Z, Zhang B (2021) Experimental and numerical investigation on fabricating multiple plates by an energy effective explosive welding technique. J Mater Res Technol 14:3111–3122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang H, Jiao KX, Zhang JL, Liu J (2018) Microstructure and mechanical properties investigations of copper-steel composite fabricated by explosive welding. Mater Sci Eng A 731:278–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.06.051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bina MH, Dehghani F, Salimi M (2013) Effect of heat treatment on bonding interface in explosive welded copper/stainless steel. Mater Des 45:504–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.09.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zeng X, Wang Y, Li X, Li X, Zhao T (2019) Effects of gaseous media on interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/steel explosive welded composite plate. Fusion Eng Des 148:111292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.111292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jamaati R, Toroghinejad MR (2010) Investigation of the parameters of the cold roll bonding (CRB) process. Mater Sci Eng A 527:2320–2326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.11.069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Li Z, Rezaei S, Wang T, Han J, Shu X, Pater Z, Huang Q (2023) Recent advances and trends in roll bonding process and bonding model: A review. Chin J Aeronaut 36:36–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2022.07.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yang Y, Wang D, Lin J, Khan DF, Lin G, Ma J (2015) Evolution of structure and fabrication of Cu/Fe multilayered composites by a repeated diffusion-rolling procedure. Mater Des 85:635–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Al-Ghamdi KA, Hussain G (2016) On the comparison of formability of roll-bonded steel-Cu composite sheet metal in incremental forming and stamping processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 87:267–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8488-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Xiao H, Qi Z, Yu C, Xu C (2017) Preparation and properties for Ti/Al clad plates generated by differential temperature rolling. J Mater Process Technol 249:285–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.06.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang J, Zhao F, Xie G, Hou Y, Wang R, Liu X (2021) Rolling deformation behaviour and interface evaluation of Cu-Al bimetallic composite plates fabricated by horizontal continuous composite casting. J Mater Process Technol 298:117296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2021.117296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Steel S, Axial C, Application F (2011) E8/E8M Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. American Association State Highway and Transportation Officials Standard, The United States of America

  20. Abbasi M, Toroghinejad MR (2010) Effects of processing parameters on the bond strength of Cu/Cu roll-bonded strips. J Mater Process Technol 210:560–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.11.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jamaati R, Toroghinejad MR (2010) Effect of Al2O3 nano-particles on the bond strength in CRB process. Mater Sci Eng A 527:4858–4863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Alizadeh M, Paydar MH (2009) Study on the effect of presence of TiH2 particles on the roll bonding behavior of aluminum alloy strips. Mater Des 30:82–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.058

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zou J, Gao X, Wang D, Jiang L, Huang Z, Wang T (2023) Gradient alternating deformation mechanism of two metals and interface bonding mechanism of cu/Al cold rolling composite process. Mater Charact 201:112989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2023.112989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Huang Q, Zhang J, Zhu L, Jiang L, Gao X (2017) Velocity Field Analysis of Bonding Interface on Cold-Rolled Copper/Aluminum Composite Plate. Rare Met Mater Eng 46:1749–1755. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5372(17)30161-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang S, Zhao G, Li Y, Li J, Song Y (2019) Composite Plate Rolling Technology of 304/Q345R Based on a Corrugated Interface. Materials 12:3866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Liu W, Feng Y, Yang T, Du F, Sun J (2018) Theoretical and experimental research on the law of flexible roll profile electromagnetic control. J Mater Process Technol 262:308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Shargh SF, Saadat A, Najafi A, Gharehshiran M-RK, Khalaj G (2020) Investigating the effect of post weld heat treatment on corrosion properties of explosive bonded interface of AA5083/AA1050/SS 321 tubes. Mater Res Express 7:036529. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab8095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Pouraliakbar H, Khalaj G, Jandaghi MR, Fadaei A, Ghareh-Shiran MK, Shim SH, Hong S (2020) Three-layered SS321/AA1050/AA5083 explosive welds: Effect of PWHT on the interface evolution and its mechanical strength. Int J Press Vessels Pip 188:104216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2020.104216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zheng S, Beyerlein IJ, Carpenter JS, Kang K, Wang J, Han W, Mara NA (2013) High-strength and thermally stable bulk nanolayered composites due to twin-induced interfaces. Nat Commun 4:1696. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Gao X, Niu W, Pei W, Huang Z, Wang T, Ma L (2023) Deformation behavior and bonding properties of Cu/Al laminated composite plate by corrugated cold roll bonding. J Mater Res Technol 22:3207–3217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.12.135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ji C, Huang H, Sun J, Chen P (2018) Experiment and simulation research on bonding mechanism of bimetallic clad pipes fabricated by solid-liquid cast-rolling bonding (SLCRB) process. J Manuf Process 34:593–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.06.040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Al-Ghamdi KA, Hussain G (2016) SPIF of Cu/Steel Clad Sheet: Annealing Effect on Bond Force and Formability. Mater Manuf Process 31:758–763. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2015.1048363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Cooper DR, Allwood JM (2014) Influence of Diffusion Mechanisms in Aluminium Solid-state Welding Processes. Procedia Eng 81:2147–2152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Chen Z, Wang D, Cao X, Yang W, Wang W (2018) Influence of multi-pass rolling and subsequent annealing on the interface microstructure and mechanical properties of the explosive welding Mg/Al composite plates. Mater Sci Eng A 723:97–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Guo S, Zhou Q, Kong J, Peng Y, Xiang Y, Luo T, Wang K, Zhu J (2016) Effect of beam offset on the characteristics of copper/304stainless steel electron beam welding. Vacuum 128:205–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.03.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gholami MD, Salamat M, Hashemi R (2021) Study of mechanical properties and wear resistance of Al 1050/Brass (70/30)/Al 1050 composite sheets fabricated by the accumulative roll bonding process. J Manuf Process 71:407–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.09.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Naseri M, Reihanian M, Borhani E (2016) Effect of strain path on microstructure, deformation texture and mechanical properties of nano/ultrafine grained AA1050 processed by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Mater Sci Eng A 673:288–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.07.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Alvand M, Naseri M, Borhani E, Abdollah-Pour H (2017) Nano/ultrafine grained AA2024 alloy processed by accumulative roll bonding: A study of microstructure, deformation texture and mechanical properties. J Alloys Compd 712:517–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.04.117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Cheng Y, Liu W, Wang T, Li T, Huang Q (2023) Study on the effects of initial temperature and thickness ratio of component metals on the preparation of aluminum/steel clad plates by the new different temperature rolling method. J Manuf Process 95:229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Lyu S, Zheng L, Yu B, Chang D, Zhu H, Yu B (2022) Bonding mechanism and preparation process of titanium/iron composite thin sheet by non-vacuum rolling. Mater Today Commun 31:103504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Ji C, Huang H, Wang T, Huang Q (2023) Recent advances and future trends in processing methods and characterization technologies of aluminum foam composite structures: A review. J Manuf Process 93:116–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.03.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (project No. U22A20188, No. 52105391, No. 51974196); Shanxi Provincial Fundamental Research Program (No. 20210302124321); Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (No. 20210302124426), the Fund for Shanxi “1331Project”Key Innovative Research Team (DC2100002682).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaomiao Niu, Qingshan Ding, Haoran Zhang, Xiao Liu & Tao Wang

  2. Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaomiao Niu, Qingshan Ding, Haoran Zhang, Xiao Liu & Tao Wang

  3. National Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, People’s Republic of China

    Tao Wang

Authors
  1. Xiaomiao Niu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qingshan Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Haoran Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiao Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Xiaomiao Niu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data Curation, Writing-Original Draft. Qingshan Ding: Review, Investigation, Writing-Original Draft. Haoran Zhang: Investigation, Visualization. Xiao Liu: Methodology, Conceptualization, Writing—Review & Editing. Tao Wang: Validation, Writing—Review & Editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tao Wang.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

1) Cu/stainless steel (SS) composite thin strips with 0.24mm thickness were prepared by a two-pass cold rolling process with intermediate annealing.

2) The interfacial status and the deformation behaviors were effectively controlled by the intermediate annealing.

3) Appropriate intermediate annealing (1000℃) could effectively improve the bonding strength and ductility of the Cu/SS thin strips.

4) The bonding mechanisms are systematically discussed.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 29506 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Niu, X., Ding, Q., Zhang, H. et al. Research on fabricating Cu/stainless steel composite thin strips by two-pass cold roll-bonding with intermediate annealing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 130, 3323–3339 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12779-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12779-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation