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A multi-dwell temperature profile design for the cure of thick CFRP composite laminates

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Abstract

This paper develops a multi-objective optimization method for the cure of thick composite laminates. The purpose is to minimize the cure time and maximum temperature overshoot in the cure process by designing the cure temperature profile. This method combines the finite element–based thermo-chemical coupled cure simulation with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). In order to investigate the influence of the number of dwells on the optimization result, four-dwell and two-dwell temperature profiles are selected for the design variables. The optimization method obtains successfully the Pareto optimal front of the multi-objective problem in thick and ultra-thick laminates. The result shows that the cure time and maximum temperature overshoot are both reduced significantly. The optimization result further illustrates that the four-dwell cure profile is more effective than the two-dwell, especially for the ultra-thick laminates. Through the optimization of the four-dwell profile, the cure time is reduced by 51.0% (thick case) and 30.3% (ultra-thick case) and the maximum temperature overshoot is reduced by 66.9% (thick case) and 73.1% (ultra-thick case) compared with the recommended cure profile. In addition, self-organizing map (SOM) is employed to visualize the relationships between the design variables with respect to the optimization result.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11872310).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State IJR Center of Aerospace Design and Additive Manufacturing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, China

    Wenchang Zhang, Yingjie Xu, Xinyu Hui & Weihong Zhang

  2. Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory of Aerospace Structure Design and Application, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, China

    Yingjie Xu

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  1. Wenchang Zhang
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Contributions

Wenchang Zhang: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, conceptualization, software, data curation, and validation. Yingjie Xu: investigation, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, and supervision. Xinyu Hui: methodology, data curation, and validation. Weihong Zhang: supervision and visualization.

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Correspondence to Yingjie Xu.

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Zhang, W., Xu, Y., Hui, X. et al. A multi-dwell temperature profile design for the cure of thick CFRP composite laminates. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 117, 1133–1146 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07765-1

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