Abstract
Key message
Two candidate genes (ZmbZIP113 and ZmTSAH1) controlling low-temperature germination ability were identified by QTL-seq and integrative transcriptomic analyses. The functional verification results showed that two candidate genes positively regulated the low-temperature germination ability of IB030.
Abstract
Low-temperature conditions cause slow maize (Zea mays L.) seed metabolism, resulting in slow seedling emergence and irregular seedling emergence, which can cause serious yield loss. Thus, improving a maize cultivar’s low-temperature germination ability (LTGA) is vital for increasing yield production. Wild relatives of maize, such as Z. perennis and Tripsacum dactyloides, are strongly tolerant of cold stress and can thus be used to improve the LTGA of maize. In a previous study, the genetic bridge MTP was constructed (from maize, T. dactyloides, and Z. perennis) and used to obtain a highly LTGA maize introgression line (IB030) by backcross breeding. In this study, IB030 (Strong-LTGA) and Mo17 (Weak-LTGA) were selected as parents to construct an F2 offspring. Additionally, two major QTLs (qCS1-1 and qCS10-1) were mapped. Then, RNA-seq was performed using seeds of IB030 and the recurrent parent B73 treated at 10 °C for 27 days and 25 °C for 7 days, respectively, and two candidate genes (ZmbZIP113 and ZmTSAH1) controlling LTGA were located using QTL-seq and integrative transcriptomic analyses. The functional verification results showed that the two candidate genes positively regulated LTGA of IB030. Notably, homologous cloning showed that the source of variation in both candidate genes was the stable inheritance of introgressed alleles from Z. perennis. This study was thus able to analyze the LTGA mechanism of IB030 and identify resistance genes for genetic improvement in maize, and it proved that using MTP genetic bridge confers desirable traits or phenotypes of Z. perennis and tripsacum essential to maize breeding systems.
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Data availability
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories and Supplementary Material. The transcriptome data can be found in the National Genomics Data Center (NGDC) database. You can query transcriptome data by visiting the link (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/search/?dbId=gsa&q=CRA008903) (BioProject: PRJCA013187; Accession number: CRA008903).
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272035), Sichuan Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Seedling Project (key project) (2023JDRC0117), Forage Breeding Projects of Sichuan Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period (2021YFYZ0013-3), the Sichuan Corn Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (sccxtd-2020-02), the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province (2020YJ0466), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYN2022053).
Funding
This study was funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272035), Sichuan Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Seedling Project (key project) (2023JDRC0117), Forage Breeding Projects of Sichuan Province during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period (2021YFYZ0013-3), the Sichuan Corn Innovation Team of National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System (sccxtd-2020-02), the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province (2020YJ0466), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYN2022053).
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Q.T, T.R, and R.H conceived the study. J.Z, T.Y, and Z.P supervised the study. R.H, X.L, M.C, Y.Z, Y.C, Y.L, X.N, Y.L, T.Y, and Z.P performed the experiments. R.H and J.Z analyzed the data. R.H, J.Z, Y.L, M.Z.I, and J.H prepared the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
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He, RY., Zheng, JJ., Chen, Y. et al. QTL-seq and transcriptomic integrative analyses reveal two positively regulated genes that control the low-temperature germination ability of MTP–maize introgression lines. Theor Appl Genet 136, 116 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04362-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04362-6