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Wirtschaftliche Herausforderungen der Polytraumaversorgung

The economic challenges of polytrauma care

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Zusammenfassung

Mit der Einführung der DRGs („diagnosis-related groups“) bewegte sich die Leistungsvergütung der Kliniken von der Tagessatzstruktur zur Pauschalvergütung. Entsprechende Behandlungsfälle werden abstrakt durch das Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (InEK) definiert und mit einer Vergütung versehen. Je nach Diagnosen und durchgeführten Prozeduren wird der Erlös festgelegt. Bei komplexen Fällen wie dem Schwerverletzten gilt dies für die durchschnittlichen Diagnosen und Prozeduren. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellten mehrere Arbeitsgruppen Kosten der Polytraumabehandlung von über 70000 € kalkulierten mittleren Defiziten bis 20000 € gegenüber. In den USA hat eine ähnliche Konstellation zur Schließung von Traumazentren geführt. Hauptgründe für die Kosten-Erlös-Differenz sind die heterogene Population und die erheblichen Vorhaltekosten. Beides ist im Fallpauschalensystem nur schwer abzubilden. Da das DRG-System prinzipiell lernen kann, kam es zu Beginn zu Anpassungen der Vergütung. In den letzten Jahren ist keine wesentliche Verbesserung mehr zu verzeichnen. Aktuell belaufen sich durchschnittliche Defizite auf ca. 5000 € pro Schwerverletztem. Eine erneute gemeinsame Anstrengung ist erforderlich, um eine ökonomisch bedingte Reduktion der Versorgungsqualität zu vermeiden.

Abstract

Following the introduction of DRGs (“diagnosis-related groups”) in Germany, reimbursements changed from a per diem rate to a flat charge per patient. DRGs are defined by the German Institute for the Hospital Remuneration System (InEK, Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus) along with the respective reimbursement. The revenues are set according to the diagnoses and procedures. In complex cases like serious injury this applies for the average diagnoses and procedures. As a result, several groups reported costs of polytrauma care as high as € 70,000 with losses as high as € 20,000. In the USA, a similar constellation has lead to the closure of trauma centers. The main reasons for the financial deficit are heterogeneity of polytrauma patients and contingency costs. Both are difficult to transfer to a case-based compensation system. Since the German DRG system was designed to learn during introduction, there were adjustments to reimbursements for polytrauma care in the initial phase. However, in recent years, no further improvements in the care of severely injured patients have been seen. The deficit per seriously injured patient currently runs at approx. 5000 €. A renewed joint effort is required in order to avoid an economy-related reduction in quality of care.

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Probst, C., Schaefer, O., Hildebrand, F. et al. Wirtschaftliche Herausforderungen der Polytraumaversorgung. Unfallchirurg 112, 975–980 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-009-1684-0

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