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Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery for advanced rectal cancer

Prognostic significance of tumor regression

Neoadjuvante Radichemotherapie und Operation fortgeschrittener Rektumkarzinome: Tumorregression stellt prognostischen Faktor dar

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Purpose:

Preoperative radiochemotherapy is widely used in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. The predictive value of response to neoadjuvant treatment remains uncertain. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of downstaging and tumor regression as prognostic factors and its influence on the ability to perform sphincter-sparing surgery.

Patients and Methods:

A total of 72 consecutive patients with advanced rectal cancer were included in this retrospective analysis. All patients were treated with preoperative 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and pelvic radiation with a total dose of 50.4 Gy followed by surgery 6 weeks later.

Results:

A sphincter-preserving procedure could be performed on 42 patients, and in all 72 patients complete resection (R0) was achieved. A pathological complete response (ypT0, ypN0) was achieved in 8 (11%) patients. None of the patients showing a complete pathological response relapsed or died during the follow-up period. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 65 patients were alive, none of these patients had local recurrence and 15 patients had metastatic disease. Patients showing a complete pathological response had a significantly better 2-year disease-free survival compared to patients with ≥10% residual tumor cells (p = 0.024). Patients < 65 years showed a significantly better response rate, compared with those > 65 years of age (p = 0.036). Acute toxicity was moderate.

Conclusion:

Preoperative radiochemotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Pathological parameters after preoperative radiochemotherapy, including tumor regression grading, could be correlated with disease-free survival. The impact of tumor regression grading needs to be further validated in prospective clinical trials.

Hintergrund:

Die präoperative Radiochemotherapie (RChT) gefolgt von einer Operation stellt heute die Standardbehandlung für Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Rektumkarzinom dar. Der Vorhersagewert des Ansprechens auf eine neoadjuvante RChT ist nicht definiert. Wir untersuchten retrospektiv die Bedeutung des Tumoransprechens (Downstaging) und der Tumorregression als prognostische Faktoren und ihren Einfluss, eine sphinktererhaltende Operation zu ermöglichen.

Material und Methode:

Die vorliegende Analyse umfasst 72 konsekutive Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Rektumkarzinomen, die im Zeitraum Januar 1999 bis Dezember 2006 eine neoadjuvante RChT erhielten. Die Behandlung bestand aus einer perkutanen Radiotherapie mit 50,4 Gy und einer simultanen 24-h-Dauerinfusion von 5-Fluorouracil (Woche 1 und 5) gefolgt von einer radikalen Tumorresektion. Neben dem Ansprechen des Tumors im Sinne eines Downstagings wurden mögliche prognostische Faktoren analysiert.

Ergebnisse:

Nach einer medianen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 28 Monaten kam es bei keinem Patienten zu einem Lokalrezidiv und bei allen 72 Patienten gelang eine komplette Resektion (R0). Das Ansprechen auf die neoadjuvante RChT im Sinne einer histopathologischen Tumorregression konnte als relevanter Prognosefaktor für das krankheitsfreie Überleben herausgearbeitet werden (Abbildung 1). 8 Patienten (11%) erreichten eine histopathologische komplette Remission (ypT0, ypN0). Darüber hinaus zeigten Patienten unter 65 Jahre ein signifikant besseres Ansprechen auf die präoperative RChT im Sinne eines Downstagings als Patienten über 65 Jahre (p = 0,036). Die Akuttoxizität der neoadjuvanten Therapie ist moderat.

Schlussfolgerung:

Die neoadjuvante RChT mit anschließender radikaler Resektion ist eine effektive und sichere Behandlung lokal fortgeschrittener Rektumkarzinome. Die Tumorregression konnte mit dem krankheitsfreien Überleben korreliert werden. Inwieweit die Tumorregression als valider Prognoseparameter angesehen werden kann, muss in prospektiven klinischen Studien überprüft werden.

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Correspondence to Hans Theodor Eich.

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Eich, H.T., Stepien, A., Zimmermann, C. et al. Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery for advanced rectal cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 187, 225–230 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-011-2113-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-011-2113-1

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