Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with and without a lung recruitment maneuver, on dead space.
Methods
16 anesthetized patients were sequentially studied in three steps: 1) without PEEP (ZEEP), 2) with 5 cm H2O of PEEP and 3) with 5 cm H2O of PEEP after an alveolar recruitment strategy (ARS). Ventilation was maintained constant. The single breath test of CO2 (SBT-CO2), arterial oxygenation, end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and respiratory compliance were recorded every 30 min.
Results
Physiological dead space to tidal volume decreased after ARS (0.45 ±0.01) compared with ZEEP (0.50 ± 0.07, P < 0.05) and PEEP (0.51 ± 0.06, P < 0.05). The elimination of CO2 per breath increased during PEEP (25 ± 3.3 mL · min−1) and ARS (27 ± 3.2 mL · min−1) compared to ZEEP (23 ± 2.6 mL · min−1, P < 0.05), although ARS showed larger values than PEEP(P < 0.05). Pa-etCO2 difference was lower after recruitment (0.9 ± 0.5 kPa, P < 0.05) compared to ZEEP (1.1 ± 0.5 kPa) and PEEP (1.2 ± 0.5 kPa). Slope II increased after ARS (63 ± 11%/L, P < 0.05) compared with ZEEP (46 ± 7.7%/L) and PEEP (56 ± 10%/L). Slope III decreased significantly after recruitment (0.13 ± 0.07 1/L) compared with ZEEP (0.21 ±0.1 1/L) and PEEP (0.18 ± 0.10 1/L). The angle between slope II and III decreased only after ARS. After lung recruitment, PaO2, EELV, and compliance increased significantly compared with ZEEP and PEEP
Conclusion
Lung recruitment improved the efficiency of ventilation in anesthetized patients.
Résumé
Objectif
Analyser l’effet de la pression télé-expiratoire positive (PEEP) sur l’espace mort, avec et sans recrutement pulmonaire.
Méthode
Nous avons réalisé une étude séquentielle en trois étapes auprès de 16 patients anesthésiés: 1) sans PEEP (ZEEP), 2) avec 5 cm H2O de PEEP et 3) avec 5 cm H2O de PEEP à la suite d’une stratégie de recrutement alvéolaire (SRA). La ventilation a été maintenue constante. L’épreuve de l’apnée inspiratoire du CO2, l’oxygénation artérielle, le volume pulmonaire télé-expiratoire (VPTE) et la compliance respiratoire ont été enregistrées toutes les 30 min.
Résultats
Le rapport espace mort/volume courant a été réduit après la SRA (0,45 ±0,01) comparée à la ZEEP (0,50 ± 0,07, P < 0,05) et à la PEEP (0,51 ± 0,06, P < 0,05). Lélimination du CO2 pour chaque respiration a augmenté pendant la PEEP (25 ± 3,3 mL · min−1) et la SRA (21 ± 3,2 mL · min−1) comparées à la ZEEP (23 ± 2,6 mL · min−1, P < 0,05), même si la SRA a présenté des valeurs plus élevées que la PEEP (P < 0,05). La différence Pa-etCO2 a été plus faible après le recrutement (0,9 ± 0,5 kPa, P < 0,05) comparé à la ZEEP (1,1 ± 0,5 kPa) et à la PEEP (1,2 ± 0,5 kPa). La pente II s’est accentuée après la SRA (63 ± 11 %/L, P < 0,05) comparée à la ZEEP (46 ±7,7 %/L) et à la PEEP (56 ± 10 %/L). La pente III s’est abaissée significativement après le recrutement (0,13 ± 0,01 1/L) comparé à la ZEEP (0,21 ±0,11 1/L) et à la PEEP (0,18 ± 0,10 1/L). Langle entre les pentes II et III a diminué seulement après la SRA. Après le recrutement alvéolaire, comparé à la ZEEP et à la PEEP, la PaO2, le VPTE et la compliance ont augmenté significativement.
Conclusion
Le recrutement alvéolaire améliore l’efficacité de la ventilation chez les patients anesthésiés.
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Tusman, G., Böhm, S.H., Suarez-Sipmann, F. et al. Alveolar recruitment improves ventilatory efficiency of the lungs during anesthesia. Can J Anesth 51, 723–727 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03018433
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03018433