Abstract
Computing the Cauchy index of a rational fractionQ/P betweena andb is important in most of the basic algorithms of real algebraic geometry: real root counting, exact sign determination, Routh-Hurwitz problem, signature of a Hankel matrix. One way to compute the Cauchy index ofQ/P is to compute some variant of the Euclidean remainder sequence ofP andQ and to compute the signs of the successive remainders evaluated ata andb. So, we want to compute efficiently the signs of the polynomials in the Euclidean remainder sequence evaluated at a given point. In the first part of the paper, we are only interested in counting arithmetic operations and comparisons. For input polynomials of degrees bounded byd we design an algorithm with complexity\(O(\mathcal{M}(d)\log (d + 1))\) for computing the Cauchy index based on the strategy of a known efficient algorithm for computing a GCD; here\(\mathcal{M}(d)\) denotes the cost of multiplying polynomials of degree at mostd. One has\(\mathcal{M}(d) = O(d\log (d + 1))\) if the coefficient field allows Fourier transform, and\(\mathcal{M}(d) = O(d\log (d + 1)\log \log (d + 2))\) otherwise. In the second part of the paper we are interested in the bit complexity when the coefficients ofP andQ are integers of size τ. A better way to compute the Cauchy index is then to evaluate the values of some variant of the subresultants rather than the values of the remainders. For polynomials of bit size τ we design an algorithm with bit complexity\(O(\mathcal{M}(d,\sigma )\log (d + 1))\) with σ=O(dτ) where\(\mathcal{M}(d,\sigma ) = O(d\sigma \cdot \log (d\sigma ) \cdot \log \log (d\sigma ))\) is Schönhage’s bound for multiplication of integer polynomials of degrees bounded byd and bit sizes bounded by σ in the multitape Turing machine model. So our bound isO(d 2τ·log(dτ)·log log(dτ)·log(d+1)). The same bound holds for computing the signature of a regular Hankel matrix. Our analysis shows a new and natural exact divisibility for subresultants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L. Ducos,Algorithme de Bareiss, algorithmes des sous-résultants, Prépublication, Université de Poitiers.
F. R. Gantmacher, Théorie des matrices, tome I, Dunod 1966 and Springer-Verlag 1986.
L. Gemignani,Computing the inertia of Bézout and Hankel matrices, CALCOLO28, (1991) 267–274.
L. Gonzalez, H. Lombardi, T. Recio, M.-F. Roy,Spécialisation de la suite de Sturm et sous-résultants I, Informatique théorique et applications24, (1990) 561–588.
L. Gonzalez, H. Lombardi, T. Recio, M.-F. Roy,Spécialisation de la suite de Sturm, Informatique théorique et applications28, (1994) 1–24.
L. Gonzalez, H. Lombardi, T. Recio, M.-F. Roy,Sturm- Habicht sequence, determinants and real roots of univariate polynomials, Quantifier Elimination and Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition, Texts and Monographs in Symbolic Computation, B. Caviness and J. Johnson, Eds. Springer-Verlag Wien, New York 1994, to appear.
W. Habicht,Eine Verallgemeinerung des Sturmschen Wurzelzählverfahrens, Comm. Math. Helvetici21, (1948) 99–116.
P. Henrici, Applied and computational complex analysis, vol. 1, J. Wiley, New York 1974.
M. Knebusch andC. Scheiderer, Einführung in die reelle Algebra, Vieweg-Studium 63, Aufbaukurs Mathematik, Vieweg, 1989.
H. T. Kung,On computing reciprocals of power series, Numer. Math.22, (1974) 341–348.
D. Lazard,Sous-résultants, Manuscrit non publié.
R. Loos,Generalized polynomial remainder sequences, in: Computer algebra, symbolic and algebraic computation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982.
R. T. Moenck,Fast computation of GCDs, Proc. STOC’73, (1973) 142–151.
C. Quitté,Une démonstration de l’algorithme de Bareiss par l’algèbre extérieure, Manuscrit non publié.
M.-F. Roy,Basic algorithms in real algebraic geometry and their complexity: from Sturm’s theorem to the existential theory of reals, Lectures on Real Geometry in memoriam of Mario Raimondo, de Gruyter Expositions in Mathematics (1996) to appear.
A. Schönhage,Schnelle Berechnung von Kettenbruchentwicklungen, Acta Informatica1, (1971) 139–144.
A. Schönhage,Asymptotical fast algorithms for the numerical multiplication and division of polynomials with complex coefficients, in: Proceedings, EUROCAM’82, Marseille, 1982.
A. Schönhage,The fundamental theorem of algebra in terms of computational complexity, preliminary report, Universität Tübingen, 1982.
A. Schönhage andV. Strassen,Schnelle Multiplikation grosser Zahlen, Computing7, (1971) 281–292.
M. Sieveking,An algorithm for division of power series, Computing10, (1972) 153–156.
V. Strassen,The Computational Complexity of Continued Fractions, SIAM J. Comp.12/1, (1983) 1–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
supported by DFG Heisenberg Grant Li-405/2-2
supported in part by the project ESPRIT-LTR 21.024 FRISCO and by European Community contract CHRX-CT94-0506
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lickteig, T., Roy, MF. Cauchy index computation. Calcolo 33, 337–351 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02576008
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02576008