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Dipolar aprotic solvents in paper chromatography of inorganic substances

Dipolare aprotonische Lösungsmittel bei der Papier-Chromatographie von anorganischen Substanzen

Solvants aprotiques dipolaires pour la chromatographie sur papier de substances minérales

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Summary

After a short review of inorganic aqueous paper chromatography, the properties of anhydrous dipolar aprotic solvents in general and of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in particular, which recommend them as preferable developing solvents to the protic ones for clean inorganic paper chromatography, are discussed. A quantitative and rapid separation of ferrocyanide and ferricyanide anions, inseparable so far with any aqueous system or protic solvent used as mobile phase, was easily carried out on paper chromatograms developed with anhydrous DMSO. The differentiative behaviour of DMSO between the two closely related anions is explained by a consideration of the semipolar nature of the S−O bond the molecular and electronic structure of DMSO, and the difference in ionic charges and ionic volumes of the two anions

Zusammenfassung

Nach einer kurzen Übersicht über anorganische wäßrige Papier-Chromatographie werden die Eigenschaften von wasserfreien dipolaren aprotonischen Lösungsmitteln allgemein und von Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) im besonderen diskutiert, die sie als Fließmittel für saubere anorganische Papier-Chromatographie geeigneter erscheinen lassen als die protonischen Lösungsmittel. Die quantitative schnelle Trennung von Ferrocyanid- und Ferricyanid-Anionen, die bisher mit jedem wäßrigen System oder protonischem Lösungsmittel als mobile Phase untrennbar waren, wurde mühelos auf Papier-Chromatogrammen durchgeführt, die mit wasserfreiem DMSO entwickelt wurden. Das Trennvermögen von DMSO zwischen den beiden eng verwandten Anionen wird durch die Betrachtung der semipolaren Eigenschaften der S−O-Bindung, der molekularen und elektronischen Struktur von DMSO und des Unterschiedes in Ionenladung und Ionenvolumen der beiden Anionen erklärt.

Résumé

Après avoir passé en revue les problèmes de la chromatographie sur papier en présence d'eau des substances minérales, l'auteur discute des propriétés des solvants aprotiques dipolaires non-aqueux et en particulier du diméthyl sulfoxyde (DMSO); leurs propriétés les rendent supérieurs aux agents de développement protiques pour la chromatographie sur papier des substances minérales. Une séparation quantitative et rapide des ions ferrocyanure et ferricyanure non-séparables, jusqu'à présent, avec les systèmes contenant de l'eau ou un solvant protonisé comme phase mobile a été obtenue par chromatographie sur papier avec développement par du DMSO anhydre. La différence de comportement, en présence de DMSO, des deux anions de propriétés est expliquée par voisines la nature semipolaire de la liaison S−O, la structure moléculaire et électronique du DMSO, et la différence de charge et volume ionique des deux anions.

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Shukla, S.K. Dipolar aprotic solvents in paper chromatography of inorganic substances. Chromatographia 5, 310–318 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310749

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