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Variable chlorophyll fluorescence and its use for assessing physiological condition of plant photosynthetic apparatus

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Abstract

Analysis of plant behavior under diverse environmental conditions would be impossible without the methods for adequate assessment of the processes occurring in plants. The photosynthetic apparatus and its reaction to stress factors provide a reliable source of information on plant condition. One of the most informative methods based on monitoring the plant biophysical characteristics consists in detection and analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Fluorescence is mainly emitted by chlorophyll a from the antenna complexes of photosystem II (PSII). However, fluorescence depends not only on the processes in the pigment matrix or PSII reaction centers but also on the redox reactions at the PSII donor and acceptor sides and even in the entire electron transport chain. Presently, a large variety of fluorometers from various manufacturers are available. Although application of such fluorometers does not require specialized training, the correct interpretation of the results would need sufficient knowledge for converting the instrumental data into the information on the condition of analyzed plants. This review is intended for a wide range of specialists employing fluorescence techniques for monitoring the physiological plant condition. It describes in a comprehensible way the theoretical basis of light emission by chlorophyll molecules, the origin of variable fluorescence, as well as relations between the fluorescence parameters, the redox state of electron carriers, and the light reactions of photosynthesis. Approaches to processing and analyzing the fluorescence induction curves are considered in detail on the basis of energy flux theory in the photosynthetic apparatus developed by Prof. Reto J. Strasser and known as a “JIP-test.” The physical meaning and relation of each calculated parameter to certain photosynthetic characteristics are presented, and examples of using these parameters for the assessment of plant physiological condition are outlined.

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Abbreviations

AL:

actinic light

Chl:

chlorophyll

CS:

cross section, the unit surface area excited by light in photosynthesizing samples

ETR:

electron transport rate

FL:

fluorescence

LHC:

light-harvesting complex

PAM:

pulse amplitude modulation (fluorometry)

PAR:

photosynthetically active radiation

PSI:

photosystem I

PSII:

photosystem II

OEC:

oxygen- evolving complex

P680:

reaction center of PSII

PPFD:

photosynthetic photon flux density

PSA:

photosynthetic apparatus

RC:

reaction center

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Dragan Tzankov Blvd. 8, 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria

    V. N. Goltsev & M. Paunov

  2. Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, WULS–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland

    H. M. Kalaji

  3. Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    W. Bąba

  4. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - ITP, Raszyn, Poland

    T. Horaczek, J. Mojski & H. Kociel

  5. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia

    S. I. Allakhverdiev

  6. Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia

    S. I. Allakhverdiev

  7. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    S. I. Allakhverdiev

Authors
  1. V. N. Goltsev
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  2. H. M. Kalaji
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  3. M. Paunov
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  4. W. Bąba
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  5. T. Horaczek
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  6. J. Mojski
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  7. H. Kociel
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  8. S. I. Allakhverdiev
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Correspondence to V. N. Goltsev.

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Original Russian Text © V.N. Goltsev, H.M. Kalaji, M. Paunov, W. Bąba, T. Horaczek, J. Mojski, H. Kociel, S.I. Allakhverdiev, 2016, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2016, Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 881–907.

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Goltsev, V.N., Kalaji, H.M., Paunov, M. et al. Variable chlorophyll fluorescence and its use for assessing physiological condition of plant photosynthetic apparatus. Russ J Plant Physiol 63, 869–893 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443716050058

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443716050058

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