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Male sterility systems and their applications in hybrid wheat breeding

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Abstract

To ensure food security for ~ 10 billion human population in 2050 a sustainable increase in food production is indispensable. Wheat is the third most consumed cereal crop worldwide after rice and maize. It is estimated that the current wheat yield will be insufficient to cope with future needs. In the past hybrid seed production has revolutionized rice and maize production; however, wheat is still lagging behind other crops, such as rice, corn, soybeans, and canola in terms of variety/hybrid development and trait development. The potential of hybrid wheat is undeniable but these challenges need to be overcome if we want to commercialize it. Despite a century of efforts we still do not have a reliable hybrid breeding system to attempt large-scale production due to certain issues like self-pollination, polyploid nature, low variability in germplasm (less than 1% cross-pollination), and higher seed rates. Moreover, a limited number of GMS genes and their regulatory pathways has narrowed our selection; further research is required to identify and understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved. There are few successful examples of hybrid wheat, only 1% of its total wheat growing area is hybrid wheat. There is no simple way to produce a stable wheat hybrid, until this point no one knows how to commercialize wheat on a larger scale. The use of comparative functional genomics and biotechnological tools combined with conventional breeding is likely the possible key to guarantee a stable hybrid wheat breeding and to help overcome global food security issues. This paper would provide an overview of techniques to induce male sterility in wheat and their use in commercialized hybrid seed production systems.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge University of Agriculture Faisalabad and Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for supporting this research work.

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  1. Ayesha Farooq and Uzair Muhammad Khan have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Ayesha Farooq, Uzair Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Ahsan Khan, Zulfqar Ali & Rizwana Maqbool

  2. Center of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Ayesha Farooq, Uzair Muhammad Khan & Rizwana Maqbool

  3. Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sajjad

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Farooq, A., Khan, U.M., Khan, M.A. et al. Male sterility systems and their applications in hybrid wheat breeding. CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 52, 25–37 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00376-4

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