Abstract
Red clay is widely utilized in anti-seepage projects due to its high water content, low hydraulic conductivity, and high strength. However, saline intrusion has a detrimental impact on its physical–mechanical properties, which affects the durability and sustainability of structures. To investigate this, a series of oedometer tests and consolidation tests were conducted using a three-dimensional strain rosette on Dalian red clay under saline intrusion. Several existing nonlinear compression models were employed to analyze the compression behavior of reconstituted red clay at varying initial water contents. The results indicate that the “void index versus effective vertical stress” compression model best predicts the compression characteristics of red clay, with a correlation coefficient of 0.962, compared to other models. In the consolidation test, the linear strain on each side shows analogous evolution with time, and the positive strains along the z-axis have the highest values among the three axes of the coordinate system due to lateral constraint. Furthermore, the electrical resistivity method accurately describes the consolidation characteristics of red clay under minor stress, while the “void index versus effective vertical stress logarithm” compression model has higher accuracy under high effective vertical stress. The research findings can offer valuable insights into the compression and consolidation characteristics of Dalian red clay.
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Abbreviations
- C c :
-
Compression index
- T :
-
Time
- C cr :
-
Modified compression index
- Q :
-
The matrix
- C u :
-
Uniformity coefficient
- \({Q}^{-1}\) :
-
The inverse matrix of Q
- e and e 0 :
-
Void ratio and initial void ratio
- w :
-
Water content
- \({{e}}_{100}^{*}\) :
-
Void ratio of reconstituted clays for \({\sigma }_{\text{v}}{\prime}\)=100 kPa
- w 0 :
-
Initial water content
- \({{e}}_{1000}^{*}\) :
-
Void ratio of reconstituted clays for \({\sigma }_{\text{v}}{\prime}\)=1000 kPa
- w L :
-
Liquid limit
- e L :
-
Void ratio at liquid limit
- w P :
-
Plastic limit
- e c :
-
The tested parameter
- γ :
-
Natural gravity
- E c and E 0 :
-
Secant modulus and secant modulus
- δ :
-
The angle between the z-axis and the straight line OP
- G s :
-
Specific gravity
- φ :
-
The angle between the x-axis and the projection of the line OP in the horizontal plane
- I v :
-
Void index
- ε :
-
Strain
- n :
-
The slope of curves
- ρ d :
-
Maximum dry density
- NaCl:
-
Sodium chloride
- \(\sigma_{\text{v}}^{\prime }\) :
-
Effective vertical stress
- p 0 :
-
Referenced effective stress
- \(\sigma_{\text{s}}{\prime}\) :
-
Suction pressure
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Acknowledgements
This research work was supported by the Natural science foundation for colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province (21KIB560018). Meanwhile, we thank Shenyang Jianzhu University for providing the access to the software and other facilities.
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The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: CZ and CC contributed to study conception and design; XL and YP were involved in data collection; PJ and YC contributed to analysis and interpretation of results; and CZ and XP drafted manuscript preparation. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Zhang, C., Chen, C., Liu, X. et al. An Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical Behavior of Dalian Red Clay upon Saline Intrusion. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01251-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01251-2