Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An Experimental Study of the Effect of Soil Particles and Pore Orientation Angles on Permeability

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Compaction is a common soil improvement technique that is used in geotechnical engineering applications to reduce permeability. The size, shape, and distribution of soil particles and pores are altered during this process. Soil fabric refers to the size, shape, and distribution of particles and pores in the soil, and it has a direct impact on permeability, which is an important engineering parameter of soils. The study’s novelty utilized the permeability coefficient in three directions to evaluate the orientation degrees of the mixed clayey mica schist soil and fly ash particles (void, grain, and other components) compacted into the cube-shaped volume at the optimum water content. Thin-section analysis of cubic soil samples revealed that permeability was influenced not only by the shape, size, and distribution of particles and pores in the soil fabric but also by their orientation angles. While the compression direction of the clayey soil had the lowest permeability coefficient of 2.9 × 10–8 m/s, the other two directions had permeability coefficients of 7.0 × 10–8 m/s and 7.2 × 10–8 m/s, respectively. Because there is no orientation effect in all three directions, fly ash has the highest permeability coefficient of 2.25 × 10–7 m/s.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alam J, Muzzammil M, Singh HP, Gupta P (2015) Permeability of stratified soils for flow normal to bedding plane. Aquat Procedia 4:660–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM D 2434-68 (2003) Standard test method for permeability of granular soils (constant head). American Society For Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, pp 233–237

  • ASTM D 422-63 (2003) Standard test method for particle-size analysis of soils. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society For Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, pp 10–17

  • ASTM D 4318-00 (2003) Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of soils. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society For Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, pp 582–593

  • ASTM D 698-00a (2003) Standard test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society For Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, pp78–87

  • Barton C (1974) The micromorphological soil-investigation work of Dr. Lafeber, Soil micro. The Limestone Press, Kingston

    Google Scholar 

  • Cetin H (1998) Soil-pore and particle orientations caused by active faulting: a soil micromorphological perspective. Soil Sci 163:374–381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cetin H (2000) An experimental study of soil memory and preconsolidation adjacent to an active tectonic structure: the Meers Fault, Oklahoma, USA. Eng Geol 57:169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00026-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cetin H, Söylemez M (2004) Soil-particle and pore orientations during drained and undrained shear of a cohesive sandy silt–clay soil. Can Geotech J 41:1127–1138. https://doi.org/10.1139/t04-055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cetin H, Fener M, Söylemez M, Günaydin O (2007) Soil structure changes during compaction of a cohesive soil. Eng Geol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.03.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler R (1973) A study of structural discontinuities in stiff clays using a polarizing microscope. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on soil structure. Gothenburg Swedish Geotechnical Society & Swedish Society for Clay Research, Stockholm, Sweden, pp 78–85

  • Chen XB, Li ZY, Zhang JS (2014) Effect of granite gravel content on improved granular mixtures as railway subgrade fillings. J Cent South Univ 21:3361–3369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2310-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crampton C (1974) Micro shear-fabrics in soils of the Canadian north, Soil micro. The Limestone Press, Kingston

    Google Scholar 

  • Delage P, Lefebvre G (1984) Study of the structure of a sensitive Champlain clay and of its evolution during consolidation. Can Geotech J 21:21–35. https://doi.org/10.1139/t84-003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas L, Sole-Benet A, Low A, Platt D (1983) The micromorphology of two soil fault-breccias. AB Academic Publishers, Berkhamsted

    Google Scholar 

  • FitzPatrick E (1993) Soil microscopy and micromorphology. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  • Garga V (1973) Some observation on micro structure of clays at large strains. Gothenburg Swedish Geotechnical Society & Swedish Society for Clay Research, Stockholm, pp 217–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Günaydın O, Özbeyaz A, Söylemez M (2018) Regression analysis of soil compaction parameters using support vector method. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 14:443–447. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.449644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higo Y, Oka F, Kimoto S, Sanagawa T, Matsushima Y (2011) Study of strain localization and microstructural changes in partially saturated sand during triaxial tests using microfocus X-ray CT. Soils Found 51(1):95–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holtz RD, Kovacs WD (1981) An introduction to geotechnical engineering. Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtz RD, Kovacs WD, Sheahan TC (2011) An introduction to geotechnical engineering, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  • Hueckel T, Kaczmarek M, Caramuscio P (2011) Theoretical assessment of fabric and permeability changes in clays affected by organic contaminants. Can Geotech J 34:588–603. https://doi.org/10.1139/t97-013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkpatrick WM, Rennie IA (1972) Directional properties of consolidated Kaolin. Geotechnique 22:166–169. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1972.22.1.166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambe T (1958) The structure of compacted clay. J Soil Mech Found Div. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YF, Jeng DS (2019) Pore scale study of the influence of particle geometry on soil permeability. Adv Water Resour 129:232–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.05.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConnachie I (1974) Fabric changes in consolidated kaolin. Geotechnique 24:207–222. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1974.24.2.207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell J (1993) Fundamentals of soil behavior. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgenstern N, Tchalenko J (1967) Microstructural observations on shear zones from slips in natural clays. In: Proceedings of the geotechnical conference, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, pp 147–152

  • Onur EM (2014) Predicting the permeability of sandy soils from grain size distributions. Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University

  • Shafiee A (2008) Permeability of compacted granule–clay mixtures. Eng Geol 97:199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skempton AW (1984) The colloidal “activity” of clays. In: Selected papers on soil mechanics, pp 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1680/sposm.02050.0009

  • Sloane R, Kell T (1966) The fabric of mechanically compacted kaolin. In: Clays and clay minerals. Proceedings of the fourteenth national clay conference, pp 289–296

  • Sloane R, Nowatzki E (1967) Electron-optical study of fabric changes accompanying shear in a kaolin clay. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Pan-American conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Caracas, pp 215–225

  • Söylemez M, Yildirim A (2016) Effects of fly ash of thermal power plant on strength of brick. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 4:19–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Veiskarami M, Roshanali L, Habibagahi G (2022) Effect of particles shape on the hydraulic conductivity of Stokesian flow in granular materials. Geotech Geol Eng 40:4645–4656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02175-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogeler I, Carrick S, Cichota R, Lilburne L (2019) Estimation of soil subsurface hydraulic conductivity based on inverse modelling and soil morphology. J Hydrol 574:373–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshinaka R, Kazama H (1973) Microstructure of compacted kaolin clay. Soils Found 13:19–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhai Q, Rahardjo H, Satyanaga A (2018) A pore-size distribution function based method for estimation of hydraulic properties of sandy soils. Eng Geol 246:288–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.09.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Adıyaman University, 02040, Adıyaman, Turkey

    Mehmet Söylemez

Authors
  1. Mehmet Söylemez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehmet Söylemez.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Söylemez, M. An Experimental Study of the Effect of Soil Particles and Pore Orientation Angles on Permeability. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 47, 3773–3783 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01145-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01145-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation