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Role of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Pathophysiology of Psoriasis

  • Systemic Diseases (N Buduneli, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cutaneous psoriasis is a common disease with extensive phenotypic variations and a complex etiopathogenesis. This article aims to shed light on various types of psoriasis including its oral manifestations and comorbidities. It also includes the etiopathogenesis whilst elaborating the roles of various cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Recent Findings

Mainly, the pathophysiology of psoriasis is orchestrated by Th1 and Th17 cells and their pro-inflammatory cytokines but the other cytokines also play an important in the development of the diseases as a cascade of reactions is required for the disease to manifest. The cytokines act as a double-edged sword in the case of psoriasis.

Summary

Psoriasis is a complex chronic inflammatory dermatological pathology causing the appearance of dry, scaly lesions on the body due to a dynamic interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological etiologies. Psoriasis reveals a network of immune cells such as macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, Th1, Th17, and Th22 lymphocytes that, together along with their cytokines, initiate a chronic inflammatory response. Currently, the Th17 cytokine family drives the pathogenesis of psoriasis and influences the inflammatory pattern established during the disease activity. Cutaneous and systemic overexpression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, interleukins, interferon-gamma) is demonstrated in psoriatic patients. This review presents the roles and interactions of cytokines related to psoriasis pathogenesis. It also highlights the oral manifestations seen in psoriasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Simranjit Singh

  2. Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Prathibha Ramani

  3. Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    N. D. Jayakumar

  4. Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Sileena Jaideep Pannu

  5. Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Ravi Kant Sharma

  6. Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India

    Simranjit Singh Gill

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Singh, S., Ramani, P., Jayakumar, N.D. et al. Role of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Pathophysiology of Psoriasis. Curr Oral Health Rep 9, 132–145 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-022-00320-1

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