Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation of the effect of HZSM-5 over HDS and reforming processes for clean gasoline production

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

HZSM-5 catalysts with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios were synthesized, and the effect of acidity over the octane enhancement alongside with desulfurization of heavy naphtha was investigated. In this way, the catalysts with the SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 200 were experimentally synthesized and their physical characteristics besides their acidities were measured through X-ray diffraction, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) tests. All of them were examined under a specific condition of 5 barg pressure, 450 °C temperature, H2/Oil = 150 ml/Nml, and weight hourly space velocity = 1 h−1 inside a fixed bed reactor. To measure liquid hydrocarbon compositions, analyses of the off-gases, the value of research octane number and the amount of total sulfur of the feed and products were done by means of some tests, including the standard of detailed hydrocarbon analysis, gas chromatography, ASTM D-2699 and ASTM-D5453 utilized, respectively. At SiO2/Al2O3 = 40, the amount of total sulfur went down by 74 wt% and the amount of the Research Octane Number hopefully increased from 51.9 to 93. However, analysis of off-gases stated that despite decreasing the amount of sulfur and increasing the value of octane number in the outlet yields, the ratio of 40 ratio led to by-production of light hydrocarbons, besides 76% liquid yield inevitably. Depending on the results, by using the proposed parallel aromatization–desulfurization process, engineers could bring together the HDS and CRU processes and could diminish the capital and operating costs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson JE, DiCicco DM, Ginder JM, Kramer U, Leone TG, Raney-Pablo HE, Wallington TJ (2012) High octane number ethanol–gasoline blends: quantifying the potential benefits in the united states. Fuel 97(Supplement C):585–594. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236112002268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.017

  • Bakhtiari G, Abdouss M, Bazmi M, Royaee SJ (2016) Optimization of sulfur adsorption over ag-zeolite nanoadsorbent by experimental design method. Int J Environ Sci Technol 13(3):803–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-015-0910-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baradaran S, Sohrabi M, Bijani P, Royaee S, Sahebdelfar S (2014) An investigation on isobutane aromatization over an h-zsm-5 catalyst. Pet Sci Technol 32(23):2889–2895

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baradaran S, Sohrabi M, Moghimpour Bijani P, Royaee SJ, Sahebdelfar S (2015) Experimental and modelling study of propane aromatization over h-zsm-5 catalysts prepared by different silica sources. Can J Chem Eng 93(4):727–735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunauer S, Deming LS, Deming WE, Teller E (1940) On a theory of the van der Waals adsorption of gases. J Am Chem Soc 62(7):1723–1732

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erofeev VI, Khomyakov I, Egorova L (2014) Production of high-octane gasoline from straight-run gasoline on zsm-5 modified zeolites. Theor Found Chem Eng 48(1):71–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ertan S, Şen F, Şen S, Gökağaç G (2012) Platinum nanocatalysts prepared with different surfactants for c1–c3 alcohol oxidations and their surface morphologies by afm. J Nanopart Res 14(6):922

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gary JH, Handwerk GE, Kaiser MJ (2007) Petroleum refining: technology and economics. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidarinasab A, Soltanieh M, Ardjmand M, Ahmadpanahi H, Bahmani M (2016) Comparison of mo/mgo and mo/γ-al2o3 catalysts: impact of support on the structure and dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction pathways. Int J Environ Sci Technol 13(4):1065–1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-0949-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaimes L, Ferreira ML, de Lasa H (2009) Thiophene conversion under mild conditions over a zsm-5 catalyst. Chem Eng Sci 64(11):2539–2561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Yang D, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Meng S, Chen S, Tan M, Li Z, Tang L (2017) Electrocatalytic properties of n-doped graphite felt in electro-fenton process and degradation mechanism of levofloxacin. Chemosphere 182:306–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long H, Jin F, Xiong G, Wang X (2014) Effect of lanthanum and phosphorus on the aromatization activity of zn/zsm-5 in fcc gasoline upgrading. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 198:29–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk Z, Sen F, Sen S, Gokagac G (2012) The preparation and characterization of nano-sized pt–pd/c catalysts and comparison of their superior catalytic activities for methanol and ethanol oxidation. J Mater Sci 47(23):8134–8144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahimpour MR, Jafari M, Iranshahi D (2013) Progress in catalytic naphtha reforming process: a review. Appl Energy 109:79–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-González L, Hermes F, Bertmer M, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Jiménez-López A, Simon U (2007) The acid properties of h-zsm-5 as studied by nh 3-tpd and 27 al-mas-nmr spectroscopy. Appl Catal A 328(2):174–182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Şen F, Gökaĝaç G (2008) Improving catalytic efficiency in the methanol oxidation reaction by inserting ru in face-centered cubic pt nanoparticles prepared by a new surfactant, tert-octanethiol. Energy Fuels 22(3):1858–1864

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Şen F, Gökaǧaç G (2007) Different sized platinum nanoparticles supported on carbon: an xps study on these methanol oxidation catalysts. J Phys Chem C 111(15):5715–5720

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Şen F, Şen S, Gökağaç G (2011a) Efficiency enhancement of methanol/ethanol oxidation reactions on pt nanoparticles prepared using a new surfactant, 1, 1-dimethyl heptanethiol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13(4):1676–1684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şen S, Şen F, Gökağaç G (2011b) Preparation and characterization of nano-sized pt–ru/c catalysts and their superior catalytic activities for methanol and ethanol oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13(15):6784–6792

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shafi R, Hutchings GJ (2000) Hydrodesulfurization of hindered dibenzothiophenes: an overview. Catal Today 59(3):423–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song C (2003) An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel. Catal Today 86(1):211–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tonetto G, Atias J, De Lasa H (2004) Fcc catalysts with different zeolite crystallite sizes: acidity, structural properties and reactivity. Appl Catal A 270(1):9–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tshabalala TE, Scurrell MS (2015) Aromatization of n-hexane over ga, mo and zn modified h-zsm-5 zeolite catalysts. Catal Commun 72:49–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Arkel P, Beens J, Spaans H, Grutterink D, Verbeek R (1987) Automated pna analysis of naphthas and other hydrocarbon samples. J Chromatogr Sci 25(4):141–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viswanadham N, Kamble R, Saxena SK, Singh M (2008) Enhanced octane boosting reactions of light naphtha on mesoporous zsm-5. Catal Commun 9(9):1894–1897

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viswanadham N, Saxena SK, Garg M (2013) Octane number enhancement studies of naphtha over noble metal loaded zeolite catalysts. J Ind Eng Chem 19(3):950–955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Worldwide Fuel Charter. 5th edn. September 2013. https://www.acea.be/uploads/publications/Worldwide_Fuel_Charter_5ed_2013.pdf. Accessed 7 Sept 2017

  • Yin C, Liu C (2004) Hydrodesulfurization of cracked naphtha over zeolite-supported ni-mo-s catalysts. Appl Catal A 273(1):177–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao L, Chen Y, Gao J, Chen Y (2010) Desulfurization mechanism of fcc gasoline: a review. Front Chem Eng China 4(3):314–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Liu X, Tang L, Zhang F, Zeng G, Peng X, Luo L, Deng Y, Pang Y, Zhang J (2017) Insight into highly efficient co-removal of p-nitrophenol and lead by nitrogen-functionalized magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon: performance and modelling. J Hazard Mater 333:80–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was conducted at Amirkabir University of Technology. Additionally, we thank our colleagues from Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (in Iran) who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Ave., P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    K. Sharifi & R. Halladj

  2. Petroleum Refining Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, P.O. Box 1485733111, Tehran, Iran

    S. Javid Royaee

  3. Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, P.O. Box 1485733111, Tehran, Iran

    M. Reza Jafari Nasr

Authors
  1. K. Sharifi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Halladj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Javid Royaee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Reza Jafari Nasr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Halladj.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sharifi, K., Halladj, R., Royaee, S.J. et al. Investigation of the effect of HZSM-5 over HDS and reforming processes for clean gasoline production. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 865–874 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1661-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1661-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation