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Low-cost production of cell-bound lipases by pure and co-culture of yeast and bacteria in palm oil mill effluent and the applications in bioremediation and biodiesel synthesis

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Abstract

Two bacterial and six yeast strains capable of lipase production were investigated for their extracellular lipase (ECL), cell-bound lipase (CBL), and growth profile in basal standard medium (BSM) and the low-cost palm oil mill effluent (POME) media. The yeast Magnusiomyces spicifer AW2 and bacteria Staphylococcus hominis AUP19 were selected and further employed to explore their survivability, lipase activity, and cell biomass production in various POME concentrations. It was revealed that diluted POME 1:1 at pH 7.0 was suitable for yeast and bacterial performance. Furthermore, the development of co-culture between yeast and bacteria was performed by mixing them at a ratio of 1:1. The synthetic co-culture system was successful in improving CBL activity to 3860 U/L. The bioremediation parameter, i.e., oil and grease (O&G) removal, was efficiently achieved 1.1-fold higher than yeast alone and bacterial monoculture at 80.1 ± 1.3%. At the same time, COD removal was highest with the co-culture treatment of 75.9 ± 2.8%, indicating 1.3-fold more effective than yeast monoculture and 1.4-fold better than single bacterial form. The mixed cells of two strains effectively improved biodiesel production from oleic acid of 73.5 ± 3.3% and palm oil of 82.5 ± 0.3% under solvent-free conditions for 72-h reactions at room temperature (30 ± 2 °C), indicating a promising prospect of a combined approach of POME treatment and valorization.

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Abbreviations

BSM:

Basal standard medium

EBSM:

Enrichment basal standard medium

CBL:

Cell-bound lipase

CBLs:

Cell-bound lipases

CBM:

Cell biomass

CG:

Cell growth

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

ECL:

Extracellular lipase

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

NA:

Nutrient agar

NB:

Nutrient broth

O&G:

Oil and grease

POME:

Palm oil mill effluent

RBM:

Rhodamine B medium

TKN:

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen

YM:

Yeast malt

YMA:

Yeast malt agar

YMB:

Yeast malt broth

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Funding

Funding for this research was provided by the Research and Development Office (Contract No. AGR5111990069S) and the Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Fiscal Year 2021. The financial support for Fidia Fibriana was from the Overseas Postgraduate Scholarship (BPPLN) 2019 Program, Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of Indonesia. The second and third authors are supported by the Thailand Research Fund under Grant No. RTA6280014.

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and/or] its supplementary materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Fidia Fibriana & Apichat Upaichit

  2. Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Central Java, 50229, Indonesia

    Fidia Fibriana

  3. Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Benjamas Cheirsilp

Authors
  1. Fidia Fibriana
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  2. Apichat Upaichit
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  3. Benjamas Cheirsilp
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Contributions

Fidia Fibriana: Data curation, Visualization, Investigation, Software, Writing—original draft. Apichat Upaichit: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Writing—review and editing. Benjamas Cheirsilp: Supervision, Writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Apichat Upaichit.

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Highlights

• POME can be utilized as a medium for microbial lipases production.

• A combined approach of valorization and bioremediation of POME was performed.

• The co-culture system enhanced lipases production and bioremediation performance.

• The mixed cells of yeast and bacteria improved biodiesel production.

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Fibriana, F., Upaichit, A. & Cheirsilp, B. Low-cost production of cell-bound lipases by pure and co-culture of yeast and bacteria in palm oil mill effluent and the applications in bioremediation and biodiesel synthesis. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 10823–10844 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02070-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02070-z

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