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Valorizing municipal organic waste to produce biodiesel, biogas, organic fertilizer, and value-added chemicals: an integrated biorefinery approach

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Abstract

Economically viable alternatives for utilizing municipal solid waste are still a major challenge for society, especially in less developed countries. A potential pathway is using the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) to produce energy, biofuels, organic fertilizers, and value-added chemical compounds. We evaluated an integrated biorefinery structure for the treatment of used cooking oil, pruning biomass, and organic and food residues to produce biodiesel, biogas, organic compost, 1,3-propanediol, and electrical energy at the campus of the Federal University of Pernambuco, which was considered a case study to represent a small city of Northeastern Brazil. A pilot transesterification plant, a biodigestion unit, and a compost unit were installed to process 3.3 tons daily of OFMSW produced. Additionally, research was carried out to produce 1,3-propanediol on a laboratory scale from residual glycerol. The quality of the biodiesel generated from the used cooking oil met national technical standards and the conversion of residual oil into biodiesel reached 93%. The average biogas production was 0.584 ± 0.176 Nm3 kgVS−1, with an average methane production of 50% generating up to 44 MWh of electricity per year. The organic compost produced met the quality requirements of organic fertilizers, such as maturation and nutrient contents. Glycerol treatment increased the yield of 1,3-propanediol production. Our findings demonstrate that the integrated biorefinery will lead to a reduction of US$ 80,000 in the costs of OFMSW management. More importantly, this approach generates incentives for circular economy initiatives in small municipalities in Brazil and other less developed countries.

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Abbreviations

1,3-PDO:

1,3-Propanediol

1H NMR:

Nuclear magnetic proton resonance

AI:

Acidity index

ANP:

Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum

BERSO:

Experimental biorefinery of organic solid wastes

CC:

Corrosive to copper parameter

CETENE:

Northeastern Strategic Technologies Center

DAD:

Diode array detector

HRT:

Hydraulic retention time

II:

Iodine

LAC:

Combustibles Laboratory

LAFIT:

Process and Phytochemical Laboratory

MAPA:

Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Supply

MSW:

Municipal solid waste

MW:

Molecular weight

OFMSW:

Organic fraction of the municipal solid waste

OLR:

Organic loading rate

PNRS:

Brazilian National Policy on Solid Wastes

ROA:

Oxidation status

SI:

Saponification

UFPE:

Federal University of Pernambuco

VFA:

Volatile fatty acids

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Funding

The authors acknowledge CNPq, for financial support CHAMADA UNIVERSAL–MCTI/CNPq N° 14/2014 (Process 454423/2014-4) for sponsoring and aiding this research. This work is part of the National Observatory of Water and Carbon Dynamics in the Caatinga Biome - ONDACBC, supported by FACEPE (grants: APQ-0296-5.01/17; APQ-0498-3.07/17 ONDACBC; APQ-0532-5.01/14), CNPq (grants: 441305/2017-2; 465764/2014-2), and CAPES (grants: 88887.136369/2017-00), and FINEP (CT-Infra 01/2013 - REF 0648/13 - SUGERE).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomass Energy Research Group, Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-545, Brazil

    Maria Helena de Sousa, Alice Sabrina Ferreira da Silva, Raphael Chaves Correia, Nathalia Pereira Leite, Claudio Eduardo Gonçalves Bueno, Ricardo Luís dos Santos Pinheiro, Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio, Emmanuel Damilano Dutra & Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes

  2. Biotechnological Products and Process, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil

    Juliana Silva de Santana, Juliana Luna da Silva, Rafael Barros de Souza & Irapuan Oliveira Pinheiro

  3. National Observatory of Water and Carbon Dynamics in the Caatinga Biome – NOWCDCB, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-545, Brazil

    Aldo Torres Sales

  4. Environmental Management Division, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-540, Brazil

    Camila Claudino de Souza

  5. Laboratory of polymers and nanotechnology, Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-545, Brazil

    Katia Aparecida da Silva Aquino

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-550, Brazil

    Jorge Recarte Henríquez

  7. Imaging, Characterization and Simulation in Porous Media, Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50740-545, Brazil

    Alexandre Ricardo Pereira Schuler

  8. Departamento de Energia Nuclear, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-540, Brazil

    Emmanuel Damilano Dutra

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  1. Maria Helena de Sousa
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Correspondence to Emmanuel Damilano Dutra.

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Maria Helena de Sousa, Alice Sabrina Ferreira da Silva, Raphael Chaves Correia, and Nathalia Pereira Leite contributed equivalently to the development of this work.

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de Sousa, M.H., da Silva, A.S.F., Correia, R.C. et al. Valorizing municipal organic waste to produce biodiesel, biogas, organic fertilizer, and value-added chemicals: an integrated biorefinery approach. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 12, 827–841 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01252-5

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