Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of the new biodegradable WPI/clay nanocomposite films based on kefiran exopolysaccharide

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Food Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Physico-mechanical, thermal and structural characteristics of nanocomposite film composed of kefiran-whey protein isolate (WPI)-montmorillonite (MMT; 1, 3 and 5 % w/w) were studied. Incorporation of MMT significantly affected the mechanical attributes of the kefiran-WPI films. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased and the percentage of elongation at break decreased as the MMT content increased. Moisture content, moisture absorption and water solubility decreased as the MMT concentration increased. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that the glass transition temperature for kefiran-WPI film was −12.5 °C and was noticeably affected by an increase in MMT. X-ray diffraction analysis showed formation of an exfoliated structure with the addition of small amounts of MMT to the kefiran-WPI matrix. Intercalation and some exfoliation occurred up to 5 % (wt) increase in MMT. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated ideal dispersion for MMT nanoparticles into the structure of the bio-nanocomposite films.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Almasi H, Ghanbarzadeh B, Entezami AA (2010) Physicochemical properties of starch-CMC-nanoclay biodegradable films. Int J Biol Macromol 46:1–5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ASTM (1995) Standard test methods for water vapor transmission of material. In Annual book of ASTM. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials.

  • Avella M, de Vlieger JJ, Errico ME, Fischer S, Vacca P, Volpe MG (2005) Biodegradable starch/clay nanocomposite films for food packaging applications. Food Chem 93:467–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cevikbas A, Yemni E, Ezzedenn FW, Yardimici T, Cevikbas U, Stohs SJ (1994) Antitumoural, antibacterial and antifungal activities of kefir and kefir grains. Phytother Res 8:78–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi WM, Kim TW, Park OO, Chang YK, Lee JW (2003) Preparation and characterization of poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)–organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 90:525–529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cyras VP, Manfredi LB, Ton-That MT, Va’zquez A (2008) Physical and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposite films. Carbohyd Polym 73:55–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao W, Dong H, Hou H, Zhang H (2011) Effects of clays with various hydrophilicities on properties of starch–clay nanocomposites by film blowing. Carbohyd Polym 88:321–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanbarzadeh B, Almasi H (2011) Physical properties of edible emulsified films based on carboxymethy cellulose and oleic acidl. Int J Biol Macromol 48:44–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanbarzadeh B, Oromiehi AR (2008) Biodegradable biocomposite films based on whey protein and zein: barrier, mechanical properties and AFM analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 43:209–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanbarzadeh B, Oromiehie A, Musavi M, Razmi E, Milani J (2006) Effect of polyolic plasticizers on rheological and thermal properties of zein resins. Iran Polym J 15:779–787

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemlou M, Khodaiyan F, Oromiehie A (2011a) Physical, mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of polyol-plasticized biodegradable edible film made from kefiran. Carbohyd Polym 84:477–483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemlou M, Khodaiyan F, Oromiehie A, Yarmand MS (2011b) Development and characterisation of a new biodegradable edible film made from kefiran, an exopolysaccharide obtained from kefir grains. Food Chem 127:1496–1502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemlou M, Khodaiyan F, Oromiehie A, Yarmand MS (2011c) Characterization of edible emulsified films with low affinity to water based onkefiran and oleic asid. Int J Biol Macromol 49:378–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gontard N, Guilbert S, Cuq JL (1993) Water and glycerol as plasticizers affect mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of an edible wheat gluten film. J Food Sci 58:206–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gontard N, Duchez C, Cuq B, Guilbert S (1994) Edible composite films of wheat gluten and lipids: water vapour permeability and other physical properties. Food Sci Technol 29:39–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Gutierrez J, Partal P, Garcia-Morales M, Gallegos C (2010) Development of highly-transparent protein/starch-based bioplastics. Bioresour Technol 101:2007–2013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kristo E, Biliaderis CG, Zampraka A (2007) Water vapour barrier and tensile properties of composite caseinate-pullulan films: biopolymer composition effects and impact of beeswax lamination. Food Chem 101:753–764

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar P, Sandeep KP, Alavi S, Truong VD, Gorga RE (2010) Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on soy protein isolate and montmorillonite using melt extrusion. J Food Eng 100:480–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ren F, Zhao G, Leng X (2011) Fabrication and characterization of TiO2/whey protein isolate nanocomposite film. Food Hydrocolloid 25:1098–1104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ojagh SM, Rezaei M, Razavi SH, Hosseini SM (2010) Development and evaluation of a novel biodegradable film made from chitosan and cinnamon essential oil with low affinity toward water. Food Chem 122:161–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osés J, Fabregat-Vázquez M, Pedroza-Islas R, Tomás AS, Cruz-Orea A (2009) Development and characterization of composite edible films based on whey protein isolate and mesquite gum. J Food Eng 92:56–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piermaria JM (2008) Gelling properties of kefiran, a food-grade polysaccharide obtained from kefir grain. Food Hydrocolloid 22:1520–1527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piermaria JA, Pinotti A, Garcia MA, Abraham AG (2009) Films based on kefiran, an exopolysaccharide obtained from kefir grain: development and characterization. Food Hydrocolloid 23:684–690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhim JW (2011) Effect of clay contents on mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of agar-based nanocomposite films. Carbohyd Polym 86:691–699

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rimada PS, Abraham AG (2006) Kefiran improves rheological properties of gluconolactone induced skim milk gels. Int Dairy J 16:33–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrentino A, Gorrasi G, Vittoria V (2007) Potential perspectives of bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Trend Food Sci Technol 18(2):84–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sothornvit R, Rhim JW, Hong SI (2009) Effect of nano-clay type on the physical and antimicrobial properties of whey protein isolate/clay composite films. J Food Eng 91:468–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sothornvit R, Hong SI, An DJ, Rhim JW (2010) Effect of clay content on the physical and antimicrobial properties of whey protein isolate/organo-clay composite films. LWT-Food Sci Technol 43:279–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasa PC, Ramesh MN, Tharanathan RN (2007) Effect of plasticizers and fatty acids on mechanical and permeability characteristics of chitosan films. Food Hydrocolloid 21:1113–1122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang S, Zou P, Xiong H, Tang H (2008) Effect of nano-SiO2 on the performance of starch/polyvinyl alcohol blend films. Carbohyd Polym 72:521–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu Y, Ren X, Hanna MA (2005) Chitosan/clay nanocomposite film preparation and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 99:1684–1691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng JP, Li P, Ma YL, Yao KD (2002) Gelatin/montmorillonite hybrid nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 86:1189–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou JJ, Wang SY, Gunasekaran S (2009) Preparation and characterization of whey protein film incorporated with tio2 nanoparticles. J Food Sci 74:50–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express their gratitude to University of Tehran for supporting the facilities for this research work and technical assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science, Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran

    Mohsen Zolfi, Faramarz Khodaiyan & Mohammad Mousavi

  2. Department of Microbial Biotechnology & Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran

    Maryam Hashemi

Authors
  1. Mohsen Zolfi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Faramarz Khodaiyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Mousavi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maryam Hashemi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Faramarz Khodaiyan.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(PDF 395 kb)

ESM 2

(DOCX 72.4 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zolfi, M., Khodaiyan, F., Mousavi, M. et al. Characterization of the new biodegradable WPI/clay nanocomposite films based on kefiran exopolysaccharide. J Food Sci Technol 52, 3485–3493 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1407-6

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1407-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation