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Nanofertilizers for Sustainable Crop Production: A Comprehensive Review

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Abstract

With the rapid population explosion, the demand for food sources will continue to rise. The use of chemical fertilizers in disproportionate quantities to meet the food demand has caused nutrient imbalances and losses in the soil. Using chemical fertilizer excessively often finds its way to water resources and leads to water pollution. Hence, alternative measures must be adopted to achieve sustainable agricultural production systems rather than the conventional practice of chemical fertilization. In this context, applying nanoformulation and/or nanofertilizer draws attention to its ability to improve crop production and fertilizer use efficiency without causing damage to the environment. Nano-inorganic and nano-organic fertilizers help to transport nutrients gradually in a sustainable way at a specific dose to the crops, thereby enhancing the rate of nutrient absorption by the crop plants. Many reports indicate that using nanofertilizer has reduced nutrient (e.g., P, Zn) acquisition by crops in deficient soils. In this review, the recent advances in nanoformulations as fertilizers are highlighted. It focuses mainly on applying nano-macronutrients, nano-micronutrients, nano-biofertilizer, nano-vermicompost, and nanobiochar in different crops for yield and growth enhancement, better nutrient use efficiency, and sustainability of soil health. The potential additional benefits and precise concerns are also discussed for sustainable agricultural production.

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Data Availability

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Abbreviations

Zn :

Zinc

B :

Boron

ZnO :

Zinc oxide

NPK :

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

CNK :

Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus

NPKS :

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur

Fe 2 O 3 :

Ferrous oxide

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management and ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute for the support of resources.

Funding

The authors are thankful for the grant received from the Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management in the form of GITAM–Research Seed Grants–RSG with ref. No-2022/0149 to carry out the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, School of Sciences, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India

    M. Kiranmai Reddy & Rabhya Asthana

  2. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)–Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sovan Debnath & Ayyanadar Arunachalam

  3. Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Prasenjit Ray

  4. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, 813210, Bihar, India

    Nintu Mandal

  5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea

    Janardhan Reddy Koduru

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Contributions

M.K.R.—conceptualization, methodology, resources, writing, review, and editing; R.A.—resources and writing; S.D. and N.M.—supervision, drafting, and reviewing; P.R.—reviewing, comments, and suggestions; A.A. and J.R.K—supervision and reviewing. All authors viewed and commented on the initial version of the manuscript.

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Reddy, M.K., Asthana, R., Debnath, S. et al. Nanofertilizers for Sustainable Crop Production: A Comprehensive Review. BioNanoSci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01413-0

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