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Exogenous Silicon Application Promotes Tolerance of Legumes and Their N2 Fixing Symbiosis to Salt Stress

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Abstract

Legumes, the second-most-important crop family, are a key source of biological nitrogen in agriculture and potentially contribute to sustainable cropping systems. Nevertheless, most legumes are salt sensitive, especially during biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Therefore, improving legume growth and symbiosis efficiency under this constraint constitutes a great challenge to meet the increasing food demands and to protect soils from negative impacts of chemical fertilizers. In this perspective, silicon (Si) has been found to mitigate salt stress effect and improve legume development at the overall developmental stages. Whether direct or indirectly, Si counteracts salt stress effects on seed germination, plant growth and nodulation. The improvement of water uptake and nutrient homeostasis, the modification of gas exchange, the regulation of phytohormone and compatible solute biosynthesis and the regulation of the antioxidant metabolism under salinity are the key mechanisms evoked by plants upon Si treatment. Furthermore, during rhizobial symbiosis, Si has been shown to induce nodule formation and act on nodule functionality by increasing bacteroids and symbiosomes number, nitrogenase activity and leghemoglobin content under salinity. Here, we reviewed recent progress related to the role of exogenous Si in improving legume salt tolerance and highlighted the mechanisms through which Si could mediate salt tolerance. The needs of future research for better understanding how Si can promote salt tolerance in legumes are also addressed.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Hubert Curien Maghreb Partnership - PHC Maghreb, No.19MAG41- governed by the agreement signed between the French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs and the Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian Ministries of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biotechnology & Sustainable Development of Natural Resources, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

    Ahmed El Moukhtari, Nadia Lamsaadi, Aziz Oubenali, Mohammed Mouradi & Mohamed Farissi

  2. Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), F-75005, Paris, France

    Ahmed El Moukhtari & Arnould Savoure

  3. Biology Department, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni- Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, PO Box. 592, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco

    Mohamed Farissi

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  1. Ahmed El Moukhtari
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  2. Nadia Lamsaadi
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  3. Aziz Oubenali
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  4. Mohammed Mouradi
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  5. Arnould Savoure
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  6. Mohamed Farissi
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Contributions

Conceptualization, A.E.M. Writing-review and editing, A.E.M., N.L. and A.O. Comment on the content of the review and text revision, M.F., A.S. and M.M. Supervision, M.F. and A.S. Funding acquisition, M.F. and A.S. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Mohamed Farissi.

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Highlights

• Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for enhancing legume plant growth and productivity under salt stress.

• Application of Si improves biological nitrogen fixation by enhancing nitrogenase activity and nodule functionality.

• Si alleviates salt-mediated osmotic stress by up-regulating water uptake and compatible solutes accumulation.

• Si reduces oxidative stress under salinity by activating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system.

• Si alleviates salt toxicity by regulating nutrient homeostasis.

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El Moukhtari, A., Lamsaadi, N., Oubenali, A. et al. Exogenous Silicon Application Promotes Tolerance of Legumes and Their N2 Fixing Symbiosis to Salt Stress. Silicon 14, 6517–6534 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01466-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01466-w

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