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Enhanced potassium storage of carbon nanofibers as binder-free anodes enabled by coupling ultra-small amorphous Sb2O3, graphene modification and sulfur doping

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Abstract

Considering the intrinsic advantages of natural copiousness and cost-effectiveness of potassium resource, potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are booming as prospective alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in large-scale energy storage scenarios. Nevertheless, lacking desirable electrodes for reversibly hosting the bulky K+ hinders the widespread application of KIBs, and it needs to be urgently solved. Hereon, the porous S-doped Sb2O3-graphene-carbon (SAGC) nanofibers are manufactured through an adjustable and facile approach, which involves electrospinning, in situ etching and sulfuration. The synthesized SAGC is featured by the ultra-small amorphous Sb2O3 homogeneously wrapped inside the carbon matrix, as well as the co-incorporation of graphene and sulfur. Tentatively, the SAGC nanofiber sheets are applied as binder-free anodes for KIBs, exhibiting a prominent cycling life (256.72 mAh·g−1 over 150 cycles at 100 mA·g−1) and rate ·g−1 over 100 cycles at 1 A·g−1). The positive synergy among all the active components accounts for the distinguished performances of the SAGC. By reinforcing the tolerability to the swelling stress, producing the valid electrochemical active sites, and promoting the charge transferring for reversible K+ uptake, the SAGC finally renders the excellent cyclability, capacity, and rate capability. Moreover, the extrinsic electrochemical pseudocapacitance characteristics induced by the porous carbon substrate elevate the K-storage capacity of the SAGC as well. It is hoped that the conclusions drawn may offer new insights into a direction for the high-performance binder-free KIB anodes.

摘要

考虑到钾资源矿藏丰裕、成本低廉等天然优势，钾离子电池（KIBs）正在蓬勃发展，有望代替锂离子电池（LIBs）应用于大规模储能场景。尽管如此，缺乏能够容纳大尺寸K+可逆嵌脱的优质电极阻碍了KIB 的广泛应用，这一问题亟待解决。为此，本文提出简单易调的新方法（包括静电纺丝、原位刻蚀和硫化）制备多孔S掺杂的 Sb2O3-石墨烯-碳（SAGC）纳米纤维，其特征是超小非晶Sb2O3均匀包裹在碳基体内，以及石墨烯和硫共掺。制备的SAGC纳米纤维毡作为无粘结剂电极进行储钾，展现了显著的循环寿命（100 mA·g−1下150 次循环后保留容量为 256.72 mAh·g−1）和倍率能力（1 A·g−1下 100 次循环后保留容量为174.84 mAh·g−1）。各成分之间有积极的协同效应，是 SAGC 优异性能的原因。通过增强对膨胀应力的耐受性，提高有效的电化学活性位点数量，及促进K+电荷转移，SAGC 最终呈现出优异的循环稳定性、可逆容量和倍率能力。此外，SAGC 电极的多孔碳基底诱导的赝电容行为也提升了储钾容量。本工作所得出的结论有望为高性能无粘结剂储钾负极的发展提供新思路。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51404103, 51574117 and 61376073), Hunan Provincial Education Department (No. 20C0613) and the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Hunan Province (No. S2022115350874).

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  1. College of Railway Transportation, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China

    Zhao Huang, Lin Peng, Yuan Peng & Meng-Meng Wang

  2. College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Yu-Kang Lou & Ming Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Ming Zhang

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Huang, Z., Lou, YK., Peng, L. et al. Enhanced potassium storage of carbon nanofibers as binder-free anodes enabled by coupling ultra-small amorphous Sb2O3, graphene modification and sulfur doping. Rare Met. 43, 51–64 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02413-x

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