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Rational design of Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx composite anode with enhanced performance for potassium-ion battery

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Abstract

The potential application of high-capacity Sn4P3 anode for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) is hindered by the poor cycle stability mainly rooted from the huge volume changes upon cycling and low electronic conductivity. To address the above issues, sandwich-like structured Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx was designed and synthesized as anode material for PIBs. As a result, Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx presents superior cycle stability (retains a capacity of 103.2 mAh·g−1 even after 300 cycles at 1000 mA·g−1) and rate capability (delivers 60.7 mAh·g−1 at high current density of 2000 mA·g−1). The excellent electrochemical performance of sandwich-like structured Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx is originated from the synergistic effect between Sn4P3 and Ti3C2Tx, where Ti3C2Tx acts as a conductive matrix to facilitate electron transfer and buffer the volume change of Sn4P3 particles upon cycling, while Sn4P3 serves as pillars to prevent the collapse and stacking of Ti3C2Tx sheets. Moreover, significant capacitive contribution is demonstrated as a major contributor to the excellent rate capability.

Graphical abstract

摘要

作为钾离子电池 (PIB)负极材料, Sn4P3具有较高的储钾容量。然而, 充放电过程中材料发生的巨大的体积变化和较低的电子电导率导致其循环稳定性较差, 阻碍了其实际应用。为了解决上述问题, 本文设计并制备了三明治结构的Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx 复合材料, 并对其储钾性能进行了研究。研究结果显示, Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx复合电极具有优越的循环稳定性能 (在 1000 mA·g−1电流密度下循环 300 次后仍保持103.2 mAh·g−1 的容量) 和倍率性能 (在 2000 mA·g−1 的高电流密度下容量可达到 60.7 mAh·g−1)。Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx复合材料的优异的电化学性能来源于Sn4P3和Ti3C2Tx 之间的有效协同作用: Ti3C2Tx作为导电骨架, 促进了电子转移, 并缓冲了循环过程中Sn4P3颗粒的体积变化; Sn4P3作为支柱, 防止了Ti3C2Tx片的倒塌和堆积。此外, 显著的电容行为是Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx倍率性能优异的主要原因之一。

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52100084) and Shenzhen Natural Science Fund (No. GXWD20201230155427003-20200824094017001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Jie Zhao, Chao-Lin Li & Wen-Hui Wang

  2. Shenzhen Environmental Technology Group Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, 518049, China

    Jie Zhao, Gang Chen, Fei Ji, Yi-Yong Shen & Juan Peng

  3. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China

    Chao-Lin Li

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  1. Jie Zhao
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Zhao, J., Li, CL., Chen, G. et al. Rational design of Sn4P3/Ti3C2Tx composite anode with enhanced performance for potassium-ion battery. Rare Met. 41, 2259–2267 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01934-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01934-7

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