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Optimization of Cellulose Nanofibril Production under Enzymatic Pretreatment and Evaluation of Dislocations in Plant Fibers

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Abstract

Dislocations are weak and discontinuous areas of plant cell walls. This study aims to evaluate the cellulase-mediated enzymatic pretreatment as a mechanical-chemical initiator of dislocations in unbleached and bleached fibers of commercial Eucalyptus kraft pulp, comparing both before and after the formation of micro/nanofibers in the mechanical process, in addition to evaluating the dislocations themselves. Four enzyme complexes were evaluated, of which three were endoglucanase (A, B and C) and one was a mixture of endoglucanase and exoglucanase (D), in addition to a control pretreatment. During the mechanical treatment of the fibers pretreated with enzyme B, samples were collected at pass/cycles 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 in the mechanical fibrillator. The dislocations were evaluated using a polarized light microscope to analyze the index of dislocations (ID), dislocation angle and curvature index, while the crystallinity was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. For bleached fibers, a reduction in the ID occurred with enzyme C and an increase with enzyme B, while for unbleached fibers, the ID did not change significantly. During the mechanical treatment, the enzyme did not cause a reduction in the fiber length (FL) but allowed a significant increase in the ID up to 20 passages for all pretreated fibers, with and without enzymes. The dislocation angle decreased with the enzymatic action and with the curvature index. The results show that the enzymatic pretreatment can affect the integrity of the fibers, increasing the number of dislocations and amorphous regions and decreasing the length of the cellulose chain.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the financial support (133628/2017-5) provided by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the State of Minas Gerais Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) and the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education-CAPES, (FinanceCode001) for the financial support provided, as well as of Novozymes A/S for donating the enzymes. The authors also thank the Federal University of Lavras, MG, Brazil, for providing access to the department of wood science and technology, and the Klabin SA company for suppling the cellulose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wood Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200-000, Brazil

    Alisson Farley Soares Durães, Allan de Amorim dos Santos, Maryella Júnnia Ferreira e Silva & Gustavo Henrique Denzin Tonoli

  2. Klabin - Technology Center, Industrial Reserach Development and Inovation, Fazenda Monte Alegre, Telêmaco Borba/PR, São Paulo, 84275-000, Brazil

    Jordão Cabral Moulin & Renato Augusto Pereira Damásio

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  1. Alisson Farley Soares Durães
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Correspondence to Alisson Farley Soares Durães.

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Durães, A.F.S., Moulin, J.C., de Amorim dos Santos, A. et al. Optimization of Cellulose Nanofibril Production under Enzymatic Pretreatment and Evaluation of Dislocations in Plant Fibers. Fibers Polym 22, 1810–1821 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0810-7

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