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Simultaneous Determination of Acephate and Isocarbophos in Vegetables by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Ionic Liquid and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as Modifiers

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Abstract

In this study, an improved method of capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of acephate and isocarbophos was developed. The ionic liquids (ILs) of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were added as modifiers in the background electrolyte (BGE) for capillary electrophoresis to enhance the separation efficiency of acephate and isocarbophos. The separation conditions in terms of the concentrations of the IL, SDS, and pH were optimized. The limits of detection of the method for acephate and isocarbophos were 0.15 and 0.08 mg/kg. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicates of acephate and isocarbophos solution (5.0 mg/L) was 1.9–3.9%, respectively. To evaluate the accuracy of this method, cucumber, cauliflower, spinach, and carrot samples spiked with acephate and isocarbophos were extracted and analyzed with good recoveries from 76.8 to 88.8%. This method was then verified by gas chromatography method.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 31471649) and Western Economic Uplift and Poverty Alleviation Development Projects of Shandong, China (project no. 49).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China

    Deqing Li, Mingdi Jiang, Longhua Xu, Xuguang Qiao & Zhixiang Xu

Authors
  1. Deqing Li
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  2. Mingdi Jiang
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  3. Longhua Xu
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  4. Xuguang Qiao
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  5. Zhixiang Xu
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xuguang Qiao or Zhixiang Xu.

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Funding

Dr. Zhixiang Xu has received research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Poverty Alleviation Development Projects of Shandong, China.

Conflict of Interest

Deqing Li declares that he/she has no conflict of interest. Mingdi Jiang declares that he/she has no conflict of interest. Xuguang Qiao declares that he/she has no conflict of interest. Zhixiang Xu declares that he/she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Mingdi Jiang and Deqing Li contributed equally to this work.

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Li, D., Jiang, M., Xu, L. et al. Simultaneous Determination of Acephate and Isocarbophos in Vegetables by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Ionic Liquid and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as Modifiers. Food Anal. Methods 10, 3368–3374 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0897-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-017-0897-z

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