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Roles of oncogenes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their therapeutic potentials

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Abstract

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer (EC) in Asia. It is a malignant digestive tract tumor with abundant gene mutations. Due to the lack of specific diagnostic markers and early cancer screening markers, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Genetic and epigenetic changes are closely related to the occurrence and development of ESCC. Here, We review the activation of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes through gene mutation and gene amplification in ESCC from a genetic and epigenetic genome perspective, We also discuss the specific regulatory mechanisms through which these oncogenes mainly affect the biological function and occurrence and development of ESCC through specific regulatory mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the clinical application value of these oncogenes is summarized, and it provides a feasible direction for clinical use as potential therapeutic and diagnostic markers.

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Abbreviations

ESCC:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

EC:

Esophageal cancer

EAC:

Esophageal adenocarcinoma

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

OS:

Overall survival

PIK3CA:

P110X of 3-phosphatilinositol kinase L3K

PKMYT1:

Protein kinase, membrane-associated tyrosine/threonine

MLL2:

Mixed-lineage leukemia 2

FLVCR1:

Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1

TGIF1:

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1

TAF1L:

TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1

EP300:

E1A Binding Protein P300

GLI1:

Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1

YAP1:

YES-related protein 1

SOX2:

Sex-determining region Y-box 2

SOX9:

Sex-determining region Y-box 9

FAM135B:

Recombinant proteins of the hominid family with sequence similarity 135, member B

PCARP:

Poplar ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa

FAM84B:

Family with sequence similarity 84 member B

GASC1:

Gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1

MAGE-A11:

Melanoma Antigens Genes (MAGE)family member 11

ALKBH5:

Human ALKB homolog H5

MTOR:

Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase

GRN:

Granulin precursor

TFCP2:

Transcription factor CP2

ZEB1:

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1

HAT:

Histone acetyl transferase

HDACs:

Histone deacetylases

APOBEC:

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like

CSCs:

Cancer stem cells

CDK1:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1

TGIF1:

TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1

TRAIL:

Tumor Necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

H3K4:

Histone 3 lysine 4

DSBH:

Double-stranded β-helix fold

DDX3:

DEAD- (ASP-Glu-Ala-asp -) Box 3

METTL3:

Methyltransferase-like 3

HNRNPC:

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein binding protein

HIF-1:

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1

RNF168:

RING finger protein 168

KIF4A:

Kinesin superfamily member 4A

EIF3H:

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3H

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

TRIB2:

Tribble2

GLS2:

Glutaminase 2

CCRT:

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy

NF:

Normal fibroblasts

PARK2:

Parkin

CSE1L:

Chromosome segregation 1–like

ADAR1:

Adenosine deaminase RNA specific

ADAM29:

A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 29

ErbB:

Epidermal growth factor

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Key Project of the Health Commission of Hunan Province (202201043124), the Innovation Platform Open Fund Project of the Department of Education of Hunan Province (20K110). We thank Prof. Qian Tao of the Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, for the comments on the manuscript.

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  1. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China

    Shuai Xiao, Guo Huang, Weihong Zeng, Jun Zhou, Yukun Li, Tingyu Fan, Xiaomin Liu, Jiliang Xia & Xi Zeng

  2. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China

    Jiliang Xia & Xi Zeng

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  1. Shuai Xiao
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XZ and JX designed the project. SX wrote the paper. SX draw the figure of the article. GH, WZ, TF, JZ and YL, XL also read and agree to release versions of the manuscript.

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Xiao, S., Huang, G., Zeng, W. et al. Roles of oncogenes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their therapeutic potentials. Clin Transl Oncol 25, 578–591 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-022-02981-x

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