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Extremophiles in Space Exploration

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Abstract

In the era of deep space exploration, extremophile research represents a key area of research w.r.t space survival. This review thus delves into the intriguing realm of ‘Space and Astro Microbiology’, providing insights into microbial survival, resilience, and behavioral adaptations in space-like environments. This discussion encompasses the modified behavior of extremophilic microorganisms, influencing virulence, stress resistance, and gene expression. It then shifts to recent studies on the International Space Station and simulated microgravity, revealing microbial responses that impact drug susceptibility, antibiotic resistance, and its commercial implications. The review then transitions into Astro microbiology, exploring the possibilities of interplanetary transit, lithopanspermia, and terraforming. Debates on life's origin and recent Martian meteorite discoveries are noted. We also discuss Proactive Inoculation Protocols for selecting adaptable microorganisms as terraforming pioneers. The discussion concludes with a note on microbes’ role as bioengineers in bioregenerative life support systems, in recycling organic waste for sustainable space travel; and in promoting optimal plant growth to prepare Martian and lunar basalt. This piece emphasizes the transformative impact of microbes on the future of space exploration.

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Acknowledgements

JK, JK and AN extend their sincere gratitude to Gargi, Maitreyi and Shivaji colleges for providing the academic environment and resources essential for the completion of this review work.

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  1. Jasvinder Kaur and Jaspreet Kaur have equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110 049, India

    Jasvinder Kaur

  2. Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 021, India

    Jaspreet Kaur

  3. Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110 027, India

    Aeshna Nigam

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  1. Jasvinder Kaur
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  2. Jaspreet Kaur
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  3. Aeshna Nigam
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JKb conceived the idea for the article, JK and JK performed the literature search, data analysis, and drafted the work, AN performed critical review of the draft.

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Kaur, J., Kaur, J. & Nigam, A. Extremophiles in Space Exploration. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-024-01297-4

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