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Optimization of Wall Material Composition for Production of Spray-dried Sacha Inchi Oil Microcapsules with Desirable Physicochemical Properties

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Abstract

Selection of wall materials is one of the critical steps for the successful encapsulation of polyunsaturated oils such as Sacha Inchi oil (SO) using spray drying. In this study, wall material composition was optimized from 10 experimental runs with different combinations of maltodextrin (MD), modified starch (MS), and whey protein concentrate (WPC) using a mixture design. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), process yield (PY), particle size, and hygroscopicity of SO microcapsules (SOMs) were first determined for individual runs with wall material concentrations being 0–15% w/w in the feed and the oil loading being 30% w/w of total solids. The results showed that WPC negatively affected the EE and PY. The R2 and desirability when predicting EE, PY, and hygroscopicity based on formulations using the mixture design model were relatively high 0.92, 0.77, and 0.92, respectively, with the optimal formulation predicted to be 9.25% w/w MD and 5.75% w/w MS in the feed. Microcapsules produced with the predicted optimal formulation had values close to the predictions (EE: 88.87% vs 87.79%; PY: 53.27% vs 60.51%; and hygroscopicity: 5.56% vs 5.23%). SOMs had a red blood cell shape without surface cracks or holes. Additionally, encapsulation extended the oxidative stability of SO up to 1 month at 25 °C. The strong non-acceptable volatile compounds initially present in SO, including hexanal, 2-heptanal, 2,4-heptadienal, and 2-octenal, become undetectable in the SOMs prepared with a ternary blend of MD, MS, and WPC. Therefore, formulations optimized in the present study may be applied to utilize SO in the form of spray-dried microcapsules.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Acknowledgements

Zhong acknowledges USDSA hatch project TEN00568 supporting this work.

Funding

This work was funded by the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program grant number PHD/0175/2559 from the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF). The research was also partially supported by NRCT Senior Research Scholar Program (Contract No.814–2020) and King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Contract no. KMUTNB-BasicR-64-24).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand

    Sawitree Suwannasang, Benjawan Thumthanaruk, Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn & Vilai Rungsardthong

  2. Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA

    Qixin Zhong

  3. Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand

    Dudsadee Uttapap

  4. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand

    Chureerat Puttanlek

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  1. Sawitree Suwannasang
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Highlights

• Three wall materials were optimized for spray-drying Sacha Inchi oil (SO) emulsions.

• Maltodextrin, WPC, and modified starch were optimized using mixture design.

• WPC negatively affected the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and process yield (PY).

• The EE and PY, and hygroscopicity of the optimized powder were close to the prediction.

• The unpleasant volatile compounds were not detected in the spray-dried powder.

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Suwannasang, S., Zhong, Q., Thumthanaruk, B. et al. Optimization of Wall Material Composition for Production of Spray-dried Sacha Inchi Oil Microcapsules with Desirable Physicochemical Properties. Food Bioprocess Technol 15, 2499–2514 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02893-2

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