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Optimization of callus induction and shoot regeneration in leaf and stem of Pistacia vera L. and UCB-1 (P. atlantica × P. integerrima)

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the callus induction and shoot regeneration to produce rootstock from stems and leaves explants of the Ohadi and UCB-1 pistachio cultivars. Plant growth regulators (PGRs), including combinations of BAP, Kin, IAA, NAA, and 2, 4-D, were added to Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) media to induce callus induction and regeneration. Obtained calli were transferred to the DKW medium containing three different concentrations, 2 and 4 mg L−1 of BAP and 1 mg L−1 + 2 mg L−1 of BAP + NAA, to compare the frequency of shoot regeneration. The highest callus induction rate (96%) was observed in the DKW medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 Kin + 0.5 mg L−1 NAA in the Ohadi stems. The highest callus induction frequency for leaves was obtained in the DKW medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 BAP + 0.1 mg L−1 2, 4-D concentrations for both UCB-1 (73%) and Ohadi cultivar (71%). The highest shoot regeneration rate in Ohadi stems (41%) and leaves (20%) was observed in the medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 NAA + 1 mg L−1 BAP. It resulted in significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in callus induction and shoot regeneration between stems and leaves; stems generated more calli and shoots than leaves, and Ohadi significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inducted calli and generated shoots more than UCB-1. Altogether, these regeneration protocols, achieved from stems and leaves of the Ohadi and UCB-1 cultivars, may be helpful in future pistachio genetic transformation.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The current study was extracted from a thesis that earned a Master of Science degree (Project Number: 53169). The authors appreciate the assistance of the vice chancellor for research at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The authors also thank Seyed MohammadReza Aboutorabzadeh for improving the manuscript’s English.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Atefeh Nadalizadeh Ghannad, Hassan Marashi, Alireza Seifi & Fereshte Moshiri

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  1. Atefeh Nadalizadeh Ghannad
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  2. Hassan Marashi
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  3. Alireza Seifi
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  4. Fereshte Moshiri
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Correspondence to Hassan Marashi.

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Nadalizadeh Ghannad, A., Marashi, H., Seifi, A. et al. Optimization of callus induction and shoot regeneration in leaf and stem of Pistacia vera L. and UCB-1 (P. atlantica × P. integerrima). Plant Biotechnol Rep 17, 605–613 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-022-00798-2

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