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Influence of Deposition Mode on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured 308L Stainless Steel Structures

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of different metal deposition modes—spray (S), pulse (P), and pulse-switchback (PS)—on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of SS308L structures in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Three thin-walled structures were deposited using optimal process variables and inter-layer time delay. Through metallographic examination, it was found that the P-mode had the highest homogeneity (88.94%) in terms of grain size and phase fraction, followed by the S-mode (86.03%) and the PS-mode (74.68%). Based on micro-hardness data, the P-mode had the highest average hardness value (272.51 HV along BD and 276.99 HV along TD). However, the PS-mode (83.46%) had a more homogeneous hardness distribution compared to the S-mode (83.11%) and P-mode (78.59%). In tensile tests, the P-mode showed higher tensile strength (823 MPa) and more homogeneous (98.68%) properties than the PS-mode and S-mode. However, the P-mode exhibited the highest variability (21.14%) in terms of elongation, followed by PS-mode (20.82%) and S-mode (16.30%). It was also found that the P-mode induced the maximum stress-induced phase transformation from γ-phase to α'-phase, followed by PS-mode and S-mode. This study provides valuable insights for determining the optimal deposition mode for SS308L structural components in the WAAM process.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge the DST-SERB for the financial support (sanction no. ECR/2018/001250) to carry out the research activities. The authors would also like to acknowledge Director, CSIR-CMERI for providing opportunity, and facilities to carry out the research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

    Amrit Raj Paul, Manidipto Mukherjee, Dilpreet Singh & Manivannan Raja

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India

    Amrit Raj Paul, Manidipto Mukherjee, Dilpreet Singh & Manivannan Raja

  3. National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

    Manas Kumar Mondal

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  1. Amrit Raj Paul
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Contributions

ARP, MM, and DS performed the experiments and measurements, MM and MR were involved in planning and supervised the work, ARP and MM processed the experimental data, performed the analysis, drafted the manuscript, and designed the figures. MM and ARP performed the calculations, manufactured the samples, and characterized them with scanning electron microscopy, MKM performed the SEM and EDS analysis. MM aided in interpreting the results and worked on the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Manidipto Mukherjee.

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Paul, A.R., Mukherjee, M., Singh, D. et al. Influence of Deposition Mode on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured 308L Stainless Steel Structures. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08453-9

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