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Zn Fuming Kinetics in a Bubble-Stirred Molten Slag Bath

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Abstract

The kinetics of Zn fuming from a fayalite-based slag through stirring with air-CH4 gas mixtures have been studied by laboratory-scale experiments. The influence of process parameters including carbon addition, gas flowrate, slag composition and temperature on the Zn fuming rate is identified. A kinetic model of Zn fuming in a bubble-stirred bath is developed according to the understanding of the rate-controlling step of the fuming process, and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kla is obtained by fitting with experimental data. The theoretical kla is further calculated to deepen the understanding of the gas flow rate effect on the fuming kinetics. The results indicate that the fuming process consists of an unsteady fuming stage and a main fuming stage, and kla in the latter agrees well with the Zn fuming kinetic model. The mass transfer of ZnO in the liquid phase, which is closely related to the gas flow rate, is likely to be the rate-controlling step. The model can be extended to simulate bubble-stirred fuming systems and to optimize the process parameters of laboratory-scale and industrial set-ups.

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Abbreviations

A b :

Slag–gas interface area, m2

a :

Specific gas/liquid interface area, 1/m

C :

Molar concentration, mol/m3

D c :

Bubble column diameter, m

D l :

Diffusion coefficient, m2/s

d o :

Outer diameter of the injection tube, m

d b :

Mean bubble diameter, m

k l :

Mass transfer coefficient, m/s

K e :

Reaction equilibrium constant

M :

Molar mass, mol/kg

n :

Amount of substance, mol

P :

Pressure, bar

Q :

Gas volume flux, L/min

t :

Time, min

U :

Superficial velocity, m/s

u s :

Unhindered rise velocity of small bubbles, m/s

V l :

Slag volume, m3

x :

Weight percentage, wt pct

ρ :

Density, kg/m3

γ :

Activity coefficient

ε :

Gas holdup

σ :

Surface tension, N/s

i :

i species

0:

Variables at time “0”

t :

Variable at time “t”

b:

Bubble

l:

Liquid phase

g:

Gas phase

e:

Equilibrium state

trans:

Gas holdup at transition point

lb:

Large-bubble holdup

sb:

Small-bubble holdup

df:

Dense phase

atm:

Atmospheric pressure

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this research by VLAIO (SIM Vlaanderen SuperMex project).

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Zhongfu Cheng, Bart Blanpain & Muxing Guo

  2. College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, P.O. 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

    Abdul Khaliq

  3. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia

    Abdul Khaliq

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  1. Zhongfu Cheng
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  2. Abdul Khaliq
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  4. Muxing Guo
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Correspondence to Zhongfu Cheng.

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Cheng, Z., Khaliq, A., Blanpain, B. et al. Zn Fuming Kinetics in a Bubble-Stirred Molten Slag Bath. Metall Mater Trans B 53, 1308–1319 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02449-x

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