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Effect of Zr or Ga Addition and Annealing on Microstructural Evolution, Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Nb-19Si-5Mo-20Ti Based Hypereutectic Alloy

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Abstract

The effect of Zr or Ga additions (3 at.pct each) on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of the Nb-19Si-5Mo-20Ti (base) alloy in as cast or annealed (1500 °C/100 hours) condition has been examined. The as cast microstructures of both Zr and Ga containing alloys have exhibited (β + α)-5-3 silicide phase as primary dendritic phase or as eutectic constituent besides niobium-rich solid solution (Nbss). Zr-rich γ-5-3 silicide is found in the eutectic with mixed lamellar or non-lamellar morphology in the Zr containing alloy, whereas non-lamellar eutectic with β-Tiss at interfaces have been observed in the Ga added alloys. On annealing, the amount of eutectic surrounding the primary 5-3 silicide dendrites in as-cast microstructures increases along with increase in the size of Nbss, causing a noticeable decrease of hardness along with increase of dynamic Young’s modulus (E) to 187–190 GPa (E = 163 and 179 GPa for as cast Zr and Ga containing alloys, respectively) due to β → α 5-3 silicide transformation and partitioning of Mo to Nbss. The post-anneal fracture toughness is increased on addition of Zr (~ 35.5 pct) and Ga (~ 18.2 pct) to ~ 14.9 ± 0.2 and ~ 13 ± 0.1 MPa√m, respectively, where toughening is facilitated by arrest, bridging or deflection of cracks by ductile Nbss phase. The room temperature compressive strengths (~ 2600 to 2900 MPa) of the as-cast alloys, having an inverse relationship with Nbss content, are reduced by ~ 13 pct with ~ 1.3 and ~ 1.5 times increase in ductility on annealing for Zr and Ga containing alloys, respectively. The compressive yield strength in the range of 900 °C to 1100 °C is increased more on alloying with Ga than Zr. However, the strength retention of both the alloys decreases with increasing temperature by thermally activated deformation of Nbss. Controlled alloying of hypereutectic Nb-Si-Mo-Ti with Zr or Ga along with annealing provides a strategy for simultaneous increase of both strength and fracture toughness.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the support received to carry out parts of the experimental work at the Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, the Central Research Facility, IIT Kharagpur and the Melting and Casting laboratory, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, IIT Kharagpur.

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  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Kasturi Sala & Rahul Mitra

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Sala, K., Mitra, R. Effect of Zr or Ga Addition and Annealing on Microstructural Evolution, Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Nb-19Si-5Mo-20Ti Based Hypereutectic Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 53, 1717–1737 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06626-0

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