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The Mechanism for Coarse Nb-Rich Particle Formation in Steel

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Abstract

Fine and coarse Nb-containing particles (Nb(C,N) and NbC) can be found in steel alloyed with niobium. The fine Nb-containing particles (precipitates) are of the order of several nanometers, typically ≤ 50 nm, in diameter, while the coarse Nb-containing particles (coarse Nb-rich particles) can have lengths ranging from submicron to hundreds of microns. The mechanism for the formation of the fine niobium carbide or carbonitride precipitates is well established, and their beneficial effects on strength and toughness are well documented. On the other hand, coarse Nb-rich particles are detrimental to the performance of the steel. Despite the plethora of studies on coarse Nb-rich particles, no experimental evidence has been offered for the proposed mechanisms of their formation. In this paper, the results of detailed and comprehensive experimental work that provide a novel understanding of the mechanism of formation of coarse Nb-rich particles are presented.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Ben Kowing and other SSAB senior managers for supporting this project. Special thanks to Josh Cottrell, Eric Lynch, Jacob Mineart, Matt Werner and Shane Hanssen for their contributions to this work. Also, the authors express their appreciation to Magnus Andersson, Jan-Erik Hedin, Fredrik Lindberg and Thorbjörn Hansén for overseeing and conducting some of the experiments at Swerim. The authors are also grateful to Lena Ryde and Hans Magnusson of Swerim for their review and comments. Finally, we would like to thank the reviewers at Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A for their thorough review and comments. Their comments undoubtedly improved the quality of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SSAB Americas, 1755 Bill Sharp Boulevard, Muscatine, IA, 52761, USA

    Sunday Abraham

  2. Bodnar Metallurgical Consulting, 5592 Joshua Street, Bettendorf, IA, 52722, USA

    Rick Bodnar

  3. Swerim, Isafjordsgatan 28A, 164 40, Kista, Sweden

    Johan Lonnqvist, Joacim Hagström & Eleonora Rydgren

Authors
  1. Sunday Abraham
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  2. Rick Bodnar
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  3. Johan Lonnqvist
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  4. Joacim Hagström
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  5. Eleonora Rydgren
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Correspondence to Sunday Abraham.

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Manuscript submitted October 15, 2020; accepted May 2, 2021.

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Abraham, S., Bodnar, R., Lonnqvist, J. et al. The Mechanism for Coarse Nb-Rich Particle Formation in Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 52, 3727–3749 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06324-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06324-3

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