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Bulk Nanolaminated Nickel: Preparation, Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and Thermal Stability

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Abstract

A bulk nanolaminated (NL) structure with distinctive fractions of low- and high-angle grain boundaries (f LAGBs and f HAGBs) is produced in pure nickel, through a two-step process of primary grain refinement by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), followed by a secondary geometrical refinement via liquid nitrogen rolling (LNR). The lamellar boundary spacings of 2N and 4N nickel are refined to ~ 40 and ~ 70 nm, respectively, and the yield strength of the NL structure in 2N nickel reaches ~ 1.5 GPa. The impacts of the deformation path, material purity, grain boundary (GB) misorientation, and energy on the microstructure, refinement ability, mechanical strength, and thermal stability are investigated to understand the inherent governing mechanisms. GB migration is the main restoration mechanism limiting the refinement of an NL structure in 4N nickel, while in 2N nickel, shear banding occurs and mediates one-fifth of the total true normal rolling strain at the mesoscale, restricting further refinement. Three typical structures [ultrafine grained (UFG), NL with low f LAGBs, and NL with high f LAGBs] obtained through three different combinations of ECAP and LNR were studied by isochronal annealing for 1 hour at temperatures ranging from 433 K to 973 K (160 °C to 700 °C). Higher thermal stability in the NL structure with high f LAGBs is shown by a 50 K (50 °C) delay in the initiation temperature of recrystallization. Based on calculations and analyses of the stored energies of deformed structures from strain distribution, as characterized by kernel average misorientation (KAM), and from GB misorientations, higher thermal stability is attributed to high f LAGBs in this type of NL structure. This is confirmed by a slower change in the microstructure, as revealed by characterizing its annealing kinetics using KAM maps.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No. 2012CB932203 of the National Key Basic Research Program, the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 51520105001 and 51304123, and the Open Research Fund of Science and Technology on High Strength Structural Materials Laboratory.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China

    Fan Liu, Hao Yuan, Sunkulp Goel, Ying Liu & Jing Tao Wang

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  1. Fan Liu
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  2. Hao Yuan
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  3. Sunkulp Goel
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Correspondence to Jing Tao Wang.

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Manuscript submitted June 18, 2017.

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Liu, F., Yuan, H., Goel, S. et al. Bulk Nanolaminated Nickel: Preparation, Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and Thermal Stability. Metall Mater Trans A 49, 576–594 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4394-1

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