Abstract
Animals face many natural challenges, and humans have added to this burden by applying potentially harmful herbicides and unintentionally introducing competitors. We examine the recently introduced Velarifictorus micado Japanese burrowing cricket which shares the same microhabitat and mating season as the native Gryllus pennsylvanicus field cricket. In this study, we assess the combined effects of Roundup (glyphosate-based herbicide) and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune challenge on both crickets. In both species, an immune challenge reduced the numbers of eggs that the female laid; however, this effect was much larger in G. pennsylvanicus. Conversely, Roundup caused both species to increase egg production, potentially representing a terminal investment strategy. When exposed to both an immune challenge and herbicide, G. pennsylvanicus fecundity was harmed more than V. micado fecundity. Furthermore, V. micado females laid significantly more eggs than G. pennsylvanicus, suggesting that introduced V. micado may have a competitive edge in fecundity over native G. pennsylvanicus. LPS and Roundup each had differing effects on male G. pennsylvanicus and V. micado calling effort. Overall, introduced male V. micado spent significantly more time calling than native G. pennsylvanicus, which could potentially facilitate the spread of this introduced species. Despite the population-level spread of introduced V. micado, in our study, this species did not outperform native G. pennsylvanicus in tolerating immune and chemical challenge. Although V. micado appears to possess traits that make this introduced species successful in colonizing new habitats, it may be less successful in traits that would allow it to outcompete a native species.
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Data Availability
Raw data for this study can be accessed through OSU Knowledge Bank (http://hdl.handle.net/1811/103057).
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Acknowledgements
We thank Jaret Cingel, Leigh Carabbia, and Erin Schuster who assisted in the laboratory work for this project. We thank the committee members Roman Lanno and Ian Hamilton for their constructive feedback on this project and its analysis.
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This work was funded by a Fred E. Obey Scholarship, an OSU Marion Research Development Grant, and a Regional Campus Faculty Research/Creative Activity grant from The OSU College of Arts & Sciences.
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LRM and SNG designed the preliminary studies and main experiment. LRM performed the main experiment. DJB, SRL, TAB and SNG designed and performed the song analysis. LRM and SNG analyzed the results. SNG wrote the paper.
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Mullins, L.R., Brown, D.J., Lovsey, S.R. et al. Roundup and immune challenge have different effects on a native field cricket and its introduced competitor. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 79269–79281 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27866-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27866-6