Abstract
Mining causes extreme heavy metal (HM) contamination to surrounding environments and poses threats to soil microbial community. The effects of HMs on soil microbial communities are not only related to their total amounts but also associated with the distribution of chemical fractions. However, the effects of chemical fractions on soil microbes and their interactions remain largely unclear. Here we investigated soil physicochemical properties and bacterial and fungal communities of soil samples from the control area and lightly (L), moderately (M), and heavily (H) contaminated areas, respectively, which were collected from long-term Pb–Zn slag contamination area in the southern China. The results showed that bacterial and fungal community composition and structure were significantly affected by HMs, while community diversity was not significantly affected by HMs. The critical environmental factor affecting bacterial and fungal communities was pH, and the impacts of chemical fractions on their changes were more significant than the total amounts of HMs. Variance partitioning analysis (VPA) revealed fungal community changes were mostly driven by HM total amounts, but bacterial community changes were mostly driven by soil chemical properties. Co-occurrence network indicated that interactions among species of fungal network were sparser than that of bacterial network, but fungal network was more stable, due to a more significant number of keystone taxa and a lower percentage of positive associations. These illustrated that the fungal community might serve as indicator taxa for HM-contaminated status, and specific HM-responsive fungal species such as Triangularia mangenotii, Saitozyma podzolica, and Cladosporium endophytica, and genus Rhizophagus can be considered relevant bioindicators due to their less relative abundance in contaminated areas. Additionally, HM-responsive bacterial OTUs representing five genera within Sulfurifustis, Thiobacillus, Sphingomonas, Qipengyuania, and Sulfurirhabdus were found to be tolerant to HM stress due to their high relative abundance in contaminated levels.
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This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42007383).
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Hongyang Xu: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, visualization, writing—original draft and revision. Bingqing Fu: investigation, writing—review and editing, formal analysis. Jiaqi Lei: investigation, formal analysis. Hui Kang: investigation, formal analysis. Jun Wang: funding acquisition. Xinhao Huang: methodology, writing—review and editing. Fan Zhu: conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing.
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Highlights
• The main factor affecting bacterial and fungal communities was pH.
• Chemical fractions of HMs explained more community variation than the total amounts.
• Long-term HM pollution caused higher stability of fungal network than bacterial.
• The fungal community could serve as indicator taxa of Pb-Zn mining area.
Hongyang Xu and Bingqing Fu contributed equally to this work.
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Xu, H., Fu, B., Lei, J. et al. Soil microbial communities and their co-occurrence networks in response to long-term Pb–Zn contaminated soil in southern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 26687–26702 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23962-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23962-1