Abstract
The sensitivity of anuran to the effects of habitat destruction and contamination has led to a preoccupying global decline in their populations. Morphological biomarkers such as micronuclei and other erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs), as well as the occurrence of hepatic melanin, can be used to evaluate the effects of habitat impacts. In the present study, these two parameters were combined for the in situ assessment of the effects of soybean cultivation on the grassfrog, Leptodactylus fuscus. Specimens were also collected from a protected area to provide a reference site (non-agricultural environment). The frequency of some of the nuclear abnormalities in the animals from the soybean plantation was much higher than that recorded at the reference site, in particular micronuclei, which were 3.6 times more frequent in the plantation, lobulated nuclei (3.4 times more frequent), and reniform nuclei, which were four times more common than at the reference site. The combined analysis of all the ENAs together also revealed a frequency approximately 1.4 times higher in the animals from the soybean plantation, in comparison with the protected area. Smaller areas of hepatic melanin were observed in the specimens from the soybean plantation. These results provide further evidence of the sensitivity of anurans to habitat impacts and indicate that animals found in soybean plantations are susceptible to systematic alterations of their cells.
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The data sets used and/or analyzed during the present study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This study was supported by the Brazilian Coordination for Higher Education Personnel Training (CAPES)—Finance Code 001; the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO); the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (grant number 304552/2019-4); the São Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant number 2018/01078-7); the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (grant number 477044/2013-1); and the Goiano Federal Institute.
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RAA: conceptualization, methods, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, visualization. WRR: methods, validation, investigation. CGAS: methods, validation, investigation. MBS: methods, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, visualization. NPLA: methods, validation, investigation. REB: conceptualization, methods. LFB: writing—review and editing, visualization. CDO: writing—review and editing. LRSS: conceptualization, methods, validation, resources, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Assis, R.A., Rezende, W.R., dos Santos, C.G.A. et al. Habitat differences affect the nuclear morphology of the erythrocytes and the hepatic melanin in Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura) in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 60741–60752 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14974-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14974-4