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Assessment of DNA damage induced by endosulfan in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844)

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Abstract

Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide, which is commonly used throughout the world. It accumulates in the environment and may cause significant damage to the ecosystems, particularly to the aquatic environments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic effect of endosulfan on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) blood. The fish were exposed to three different concentrations, 0.75 ppb/day, 1.0 ppb/day, and 1.5ppb/day of endosulfan for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The study was a randomized control trial and the control group was not exposed to endosulfan. The results showed that after 7 days, the level of DNA damage in all the concentrations was significant (P < 0.05), while after 14, 21, and 28 days’ trials, highly significant (P < 0.000) level of DNA damage was observed. Hence, time- and dose-dependent DNA damage was observed in fish DNA by comet assay. It is concluded from our results that with the increase in endosulfan concentration and exposure duration, the level of DNA damage also increased. As the current study showed the severe genotoxic effect of endosulfan in Ctenopharyngodon idella, therefore, the imprudent and indiscriminate use of endosulfan should be controlled and monitored by the concerned government authorities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Muhammad Khisroon, Nazia Hassan, Ajmal Khan & Javeed Farooqi

Authors
  1. Muhammad Khisroon
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  2. Nazia Hassan
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  3. Ajmal Khan
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  4. Javeed Farooqi
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Contributions

Muhammad Khisroon is the head of the research group who conceived and designed the study. Muhammad Khisroon, Ajmal Khan, and Javeed Farooqi wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Nazia Hassan performed experimental work. Ajmal Khan assisted in lab work, interpreted and analyzed the data, and edited and revised the final draft of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Khisroon.

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The study was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Peshawar (No. 160/EC70/Pharm).

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All the authors have the consent to publish the data.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Khisroon, M., Hassan, N., Khan, A. et al. Assessment of DNA damage induced by endosulfan in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844). Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 15551–15555 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12727-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12727-x

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