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Bio-monitoring of Tissue Accumulation and Genotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals in Cyprinus carpio from River Kabul Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

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Abstract

The study explored (I) the concentration of heavy metals in water samples (II) their bioaccumulation in common carp Cyprinus carpio (III) and the subsequent genotoxicity in the selected organs of carp; from river Kabul, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Except for Mercury (Hg) the water samples had all the heavy metals within permissible limits of recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Nonetheless a number of heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg) showed bioaccumulation at levels higher than permissible. Zinc (Zn) was the most while Cadmium (Cd) was the least accumulated metal in all tissue samples analyzed. The metal burden in different organs of C. carpio was in sequence of intestine > skin > liver > gills > muscle. The Comet assay established DNA damage in selected organs to be in accordance with metal burden; the most to least damage being in sequence of blood > intestine > skin > liver > gills > muscle. In conclusion assessment of DNA damage in the organs of C. carpio appears to be a useful bio-marker to evaluate genotoxic effects of heavy metal pollution.

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Fig. 1

(Map adopted from geographical survey of Pakistan)

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the University of Peshawar for providing the research facilities. We are also thankful to those fishermen who helped us in collecting the fish samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Muhammad Siraj, Muhammad Khisroon, Ajmal Khan, Farrah Zaidi & Ahmad Ullah

  2. Department of Geography, University of Gujrat, Gujrat City, Pakistan

    Ghani Rahman

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  1. Muhammad Siraj
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  2. Muhammad Khisroon
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  3. Ajmal Khan
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  4. Farrah Zaidi
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  5. Ahmad Ullah
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  6. Ghani Rahman
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Khisroon or Ajmal Khan.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Siraj, M., Khisroon, M., Khan, A. et al. Bio-monitoring of Tissue Accumulation and Genotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals in Cyprinus carpio from River Kabul Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 100, 344–349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-017-2265-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-017-2265-5

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