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Efficient, environmentally-friendly and specific valorization of lignin: promising role of non-radical lignolytic enzymes

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Abstract

Lignin is the second most abundant bio-resource in nature. It is increasingly important to convert lignin into high value-added chemicals to accelerate the development of the lignocellulose biorefinery. Over the past several decades, physical and chemical methods have been widely explored to degrade lignin and convert it into valuable chemicals. Unfortunately, these developments have lagged because of several difficulties, of which high energy consumption and non-specific cleavage of chemical bonds in lignin remain the greatest challenges. A large number of enzymes have been discovered for lignin degradation and these are classified as radical lignolytic enzymes and non-radical lignolytic enzymes. Radical lignolytic enzymes, including laccases, lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases and versatile peroxidases, are radical-based bio-catalysts, which degrade lignins through non-specific cleavage of chemical bonds but can also catalyze the radical-based re-polymerization of lignin fragments. In contrast, non-radical lignolytic enzymes selectively cleave chemical bonds in lignin and lignin model compounds and, thus, show promise for use in the preparation of high value-added chemicals. In this mini-review, recent developments on non-radical lignolytic enzymes are discussed. These include recently discovered non-radical lignolytic enzymes, their metabolic pathways for lignin conversion, their recent application in the lignin biorefinery, and the combination of bio-catalysts with physical/chemical methods for industrial development of the lignin refinery.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Key Research Programme (2016YFD0400601), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering (201760), Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21576153), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (5162019), National High-tech Research and Development Program (2015AA021001) and Chinese 111 Project (B13005) for the generous financial support.

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    1. College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

      Wenya Wang, Chao Zhang, Xinxiao Sun & Sisi Su

    2. State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

      Wenya Wang

    3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

      Qiang Li

    4. Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA

      Robert J. Linhardt

    5. Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA

      Robert J. Linhardt

    6. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA

      Robert J. Linhardt

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    Correspondence to Wenya Wang.

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    Wenya Wang and Chao Zhang have contributed equally to this work.

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    Wang, W., Zhang, C., Sun, X. et al. Efficient, environmentally-friendly and specific valorization of lignin: promising role of non-radical lignolytic enzymes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33, 125 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2286-6

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