Abstract
Light-driven water oxidation in photosynthesis occurs at the oxygen-evolving center (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). Chloride ions (Cl−) are essential for oxygen evolution by PSII, and two Cl− ions have been found to specifically bind near the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the OEC. The retention of these Cl− ions within the OEC is critically supported by some of the membrane-extrinsic subunits of PSII. The functions of these two Cl− ions and the mechanisms of their retention both remain to be fully elucidated. However, intensive studies performed recently have advanced our understanding of the functions of these Cl− ions, and PSII structures from various species have been reported, aiding the interpretation of previous findings regarding Cl− retention by extrinsic subunits. In this review, we summarize the findings to date on the roles of the two Cl− ions bound within the OEC. Additionally, together with a short summary of the functions of PSII membrane-extrinsic subunits, we discuss the mechanisms of Cl− retention by these extrinsic subunits.
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Abbreviations
- Cryo-EM:
-
Cryo-electron microscopy
- Cyt:
-
Cytochrome
- EPR:
-
Electron paramagnetic resonance
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared
- OEC:
-
Oxygen-evolving center
- PSII:
-
Photosystem II
- RNAi:
-
RNA interference
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This research was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. JP20H031160) to KeI and Akira Yoshino Research Grant of the Chemical Society of Japan to KeI.
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Imaizumi, K., Ifuku, K. Binding and functions of the two chloride ions in the oxygen-evolving center of photosystem II. Photosynth Res 153, 135–156 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-022-00921-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-022-00921-y